Free Essays on Magazine

The origins of the twentieth-century magazine lie in the extensive economic and social changes of the latter portion of the preceding century. The result was the emergence of the newly commercialized form of national periodical which, for the ensuing fifty years, served as the dominant medium of popular culture. And while the centrality of magazines as shapers and reflectors of the nation's popular discourse began to diminish at mid-century, the form itself continued to prosper as new, more specialized types of magazines arose to serve the specific informational needs of more narrowly defined audiences. This progress of the American magazine through the twentieth century might, for the purposes of historical analysis, be divided into four major eras: The Magazine's Triumph as a Commercial Enterprise (19001920), The Golden Age of Mass Magazines (19201960), The Rise of the Specialized Magazine (19601990), Magazines as New Media (1990present). This essay will attempt to chart the changing character of magazines in America during the twentieth century, as well as the forces, individual and institutional, which shaped them. The first twenty years of the twentieth century saw the emergence of modern magazine publishing. Inherent in this triumph of the magazine as a large-scale commercial enterprise was the widespread validation of the advertising-based model of magazine publishing developed during the 1890s. The rise of magazines as a national media, however, was driven by a number of broader economic and societal factors which gathered increasing force throughout the last half of the nineteenth century. Three of the more important included the success of the Industrial Revolution and the attendant urbanization of the nation, the rise of public education and the subsequent spread of literacy, and the emergence of a national consumer market. More specific technological and comm... Free Essays on Magazine Free Essays on Magazine The origins of the twentieth-century magazine lie in the extensive economic and social changes of the latter portion of the preceding century. The result was the emergence of the newly commercialized form of national periodical which, for the ensuing fifty years, served as the dominant medium of popular culture. And while the centrality of magazines as shapers and reflectors of the nation's popular discourse began to diminish at mid-century, the form itself continued to prosper as new, more specialized types of magazines arose to serve the specific informational needs of more narrowly defined audiences. This progress of the American magazine through the twentieth century might, for the purposes of historical analysis, be divided into four major eras: The Magazine's Triumph as a Commercial Enterprise (19001920), The Golden Age of Mass Magazines (19201960), The Rise of the Specialized Magazine (19601990), Magazines as New Media (1990present). This essay will attempt to chart the changing character of magazines in America during the twentieth century, as well as the forces, individual and institutional, which shaped them. The first twenty years of the twentieth century saw the emergence of modern magazine publishing. Inherent in this triumph of the magazine as a large-scale commercial enterprise was the widespread validation of the advertising-based model of magazine publishing developed during the 1890s. The rise of magazines as a national media, however, was driven by a number of broader economic and societal factors which gathered increasing force throughout the last half of the nineteenth century. Three of the more important included the success of the Industrial Revolution and the attendant urbanization of the nation, the rise of public education and the subsequent spread of literacy, and the emergence of a national consumer market. More specific technological and comm...

Quotes to Inspire Educators

Quotes to Inspire Educators Teaching can be a tough profession, and educators might need a little inspiration to find motivation for that next class or lesson or even just to keep going. Plenty of philosophers, writers, poets, and teachers have provided pithy sayings about this noble profession over the centuries. Peruse some of these thoughts about education and be inspired. Inspiration A teacher who is attempting to teach without inspiring the pupil with a desire to learn is hammering on a cold iron. - Horace Mann Mann, an early-19th-century educator, wrote numerous books on the profession, including On the Art of Teaching, which was published in 1840 but is still relevant today. A master can tell you what he expects of you. A teacher, though, awakens your own expectations. - Patricia Neal Neal, an Oscar-winning actress who died in 2010, was likely referring to movie directors, who can either act like masters dictating what they want their actors to do or motivate their thespians through inspiration and teaching. The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. - William Arthur Ward One of Americas most quoted writers of inspirational maxims, according to Wikipedia, Ward offered many other thoughts about education, such as this one listed by azquotes: The adventure of life is to learn. The purpose of life is to grow. The nature of life is to change. The challenge of life is to overcome.    Conveying Knowledge I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think. - Socrates Arguably the most famous Greek philosopher, Socrates  developed the Socratic method, where he would throw out a string of questions that sparked critical thinking. The art of teaching is the art of assisting discovery. - Mark Van Doren A 20th-century writer and poet, Van Doren would have known a thing or two about education: He was an English professor at Columbia University for nearly 40 years. Knowledge is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information upon it. - Samuel Johnson Its not surprising that Johnson would have commented on the value of looking up information. He wrote and published A Dictionary of the English Language in 1755, one of the first and most important English-language dictionaries. The only person who is educated is the one who has learned how to learn and change. - Carl Rogers A giant in his field, Rogers was the founder of the humanistic approach to psychology, based on the principle that to grow, a person needs an environment that provides genuineness, acceptance, and empathy, according to SimplyPsychology. The Noble Profession Education, then, beyond all other devices of human origin, is the great equalizer of the conditions of man... - Horace Mann Mann, the 19th-century educator, warrants a second quote on this list  because his thoughts are so telling. The notion of education as a social tool- an equalizer that cuts through all socioeconomic levels- is a major tenet of American public education. If you would thoroughly know anything, teach it to others. - Tryon Edwards Edwards, a 19th-century theologian, offered this concept that applies equally to teachers and students. If you really want your students to show they understand the material, teach it to them first, and then have them teach it back to you. A teacher is one who makes himself progressively unnecessary. - Thomas Carruthers An expert on international democracy who has taught at several universities in the United States and Europe, Carruthers is referring to one of the hardest things for a teacher to do: let go. Educating students to the point where they no longer need you is one of the highest achievements in the profession. Miscellaneous Thoughts When a teacher calls a boy by his entire name, it means trouble. - Mark Twain Of course the famous 19th-century American writer and humorist had something to say about education. After all, he was the author of classic stories about the countrys two most famous fictional mischief makers: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn  and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. Good teaching is one-fourth preparation and three-fourths theater. - Gail Godwin An American novelist, Godwin took her inspiration for this quote from inventor Thomas Edison, who said, Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration. If you think education is expensive, try ignorance. - Derek Bok A former president of Harvard University, where obtaining a degree can cost more than $60,000 a year, Bok makes the convincing case that forgoing education can be far more costly in the long run. â€Å"If youre not prepared to be wrong, youll never come up with anything original.† - Ken Robinson Sir Ken Robinson frequents the TED TALK circuit, discussing how schools must change if educators are to meet the needs of the future. Often funny, he  sometimes refers to education as a death valley  that we must change in order to instill a climate of possibility in our youth.

Enhancing the Ability to Think Strategically Research Paper

Enhancing the Ability to Think Strategically - Research Paper Example The article aimed at creating awareness on the development of strategic thinking and developing a model that would enhance critical thinking among adult learners. The authors acknowledged the essentiality of strategic thinking. They pointed out the existence of little knowledge regarding this issue. . Casey and Goldman (2011) suggested a model that would enhance strategic thinking. Their model incorporates iterative, interactive, as well as dynamic learning methods with individual factors. Additionally the model explains how organizational factors and job experiences can be used to enhance strategic thinking. The model that the authors developed was based on the theoretical framework, which asserts that development of strategic thinking is elicited by individual factors and experiences in addition to organization factors. According to Casey and Goldman (2011), manipulating the above aspects can lead to development of critical thinking. Casey and Goldman (2010) concluded, â€Å"Devel oping the ability to think strategically is one of the most needed yet least understood areas of management.† Moreover, they established that critical thinking is crucial for individual at the different positions in an organization. Strengths and Weaknesses The major strength of the article is the strong evidence on which the authors have based their arguments.

War and Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

War and Psychology - Essay Example With rising onsets of PTSD in veterans coming back from active duty, it has become more imperative in developing treatments that can combat this effectively. Conversely, psychology has also opened up windows in how current wars are now fought in respect to psychological treatment and persuasion. War has opened many new fields in psychology, such as military psychology, and expanded already pre-existing fields, such as traumatology. This comes into play when dealing with counseling. Originally, when soldier’s would suffer from the psychological ailments of war, counselors would simply dismiss it as trivial and being â€Å"shell-shocked†. As a result, many of the earlier engagements did not have adequate psychological care. As more and more veterans began returning to society after war, problems linked with PTSD such as domestic violence, drug/alcohol abuse, depression, suicide, etc. became more prevalent. Therefore, war had an effect on the way in which therapy was condu cted in special cases of PTSD. There have also been additions to grief counseling, as the knowledge of grieving and effects of depression have been understood. The advent of psychopharmacology allows psychologists to have their therapy supplemented by medicine through a psychiatrist (Herman, 1997). Conversely, the understanding of the human mind has affected the way in which war is conducted. For example, there is a branch of the United States Army, which is entitled Psychological Operations. The goal of this branch is to use propaganda and persuasion tactics to coerce the local population to see that they are not a threat. This also requires an understanding of group dynamics in order to coerce a population. On a more negative note, psychology has also taught military and government officials to understand the workings of the human mind. They have been learning better interrogation techniques, some of which have been under review by the United States government. In addition, better understanding into the work of memory and information extraction has lead to the development of technologies and medicines to aid in this effort (Goldstein, & Findley, 1996). The psychology of war has also had benefits in other areas that are more civilian related. For example, again with trauma, there are traumas that occur in the civilian realm. These can include rape, child abuse, etc. The techniques used in traumatology are derived from those that are used in military PTSD cases. The logotherapy and CBT counseling is used in all trauma related counseling (Reyes, Elhai, & Ford, 2008). Concluding, not only has war had an impact on the development in psychology, but has also had an impact on the way in which the psychology of war has been approached. Many good things have developed through learning how to counsel those affected by wartime. Constrastly, there have been what some people would consider negative developments in which psychology has aided to defending our country throu gh interrogation and coercion methods. References Goldstein, F, & Findley, B. (1996). Psychological operations: principles and case studies. New York, NY: Air University Press. Herman, J. (1997). Trauma and recovery. New York, NY: Basic Books. Reyes, Gerald, Elhai, J, & Ford, J. (2008). The encyclopedia of psychological trauma. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &

Wine project Essay Example for Free

Wine project Essay Moderate cool climate, annual average temperature 10 Celsius. Valleys can be very rainy and windy. Soil Composition Very Calcareous soil, limestone. The soil has perfect balance between permeability and the ability to store humidity from the rain in case of drought. Type of wine A dry sparkling Champagne. Character of the wine Fresh and complex. Has a taste of green apples and nuts. Food Harmony Pol Roger is good with for example oysters and caviar. The saltiness goes very well with the freshness of the champagne. Also nutty cheeses like Edam goes well with the nutty taste of this exclusive Champagne. This match can be too strong for some consumers, while others find it an interesting match. Commercial argumentation One of the best champagne there is with a blend of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay. Pol Roger is not only a wine, it is the gentlemen’s champagne, it gives the consumer a feeling of high excellence. As Winston Churchill would have put it â€Å"In victory, deserve it. In defeat, need it! † The vintage of 2000 is the most popular at the moment, an excellent harvest year. It has a great structure, maturity and perfectly dry. It also has a freshness that makes it a perfect choice for example appetizers like oysters and caviar. Also a good wine to match with dishes containing shellfish, fish or light meat. Cost Sales price Cost sales price: 1149 SEK=132,4 â‚ ¬, sales price 132,4*3=397 â‚ ¬ References Climate Conditions. (2010). Retrieved on August, 19th, 2013, from Systembolaget: http://www. systembolaget. se/Dryckeskunskap/Kartboken/#/kartboken/europa/frankrike/champagne/ Soil Composition. (n. d. ). Retrieved on August, 19th, 2013, from Sunny Brown, Winegeeks: http://www. winegeeks. com/articles/139 Character of the wine. (2010). Retrieved on August, 19th, 2013, from Systembolaget: http://www. systembolaget.se/Sok-dryck/Dryck/ Cost Sales Price . (2010). Retrieved on August, 19th, 2013, from Systembolaget: http://www. systembolaget. se/Sok-dryck/Dryck/ NAME Chateau Le Pin 2007 Country France Region Right Bank, Bordeaux Subregion Pomerol Village Libourne Estate vineyard Chateau Le Pin Grapes varieties Merlot Climate Conditions Maritime climate, but with warmer summers and colder winters. Sometimes risk for Spring frosts. Soil Composition Clay and silt. A layer of sand covering mainly clay soils. Type of wine Red medium body Character Slightly herbal with a light style. Food Harmony. Goes well with Lam Racks with a cranberry sauce. The fruitiness of the wine and the sauce will make a good match and red medium body will be a good match for Lam Racks. Medium Pasta with tomato sauce with parmesan cheese (not creamy), the wine is soft and goes well with savoury flavour of parmesan. To be on the safe side a softer cheese than a hard cheese as parmesan could be chosen to the pasta. The high umami and saltiness in Parmesan can sometimes counteract the impact of umami of the wine. Commercial argumentation This medium body Merlot wine is one of the most exclusive on the market. This small Pomerol-vineyard (2,7 hectares) makes only a limited amount of wines per year and is known to be one of the world most prestigious vineyards. The vintage of 2007 in Bordeaux had an excellent harvest. It is a wine for consumers with the highest demands on taste and especially exclusivity. It goes well with pasta (not creamy sauces) and with lighter meat. It has a fruitiness that makes it go well with red fruit accompaniments. The exclusivity of the wine makes it a good choice to drink on its own or accompanied with only one cheese, maybe a hard savoury cheese like parmesan. Cost Sales price. 1200â‚ ¬ 1200*2+1600â‚ ¬ References Climate Conditions. (2010). Retrieved on August, 20th, 2013, from Systembolaget: http://www. systembolaget. se/Dryckeskunskap/Kartboken/#/kartboken/europa/frankrike/ Soil Composition. (n. d. ). Retrieved on August, 20th, 2013, from Sunny Brown, Winegeeks: http://www. winegeeks. com/articles/139 Character of the wine. (2013). Retrieved on August, 20th, 2013, from Bordeaux Traders: http://bordeaux-traders. com/fine-wines/wine/le-pin/ Food Harmony. (2013). Retrieved on August, 20th, 2013, from Fiona Beckett: http://www. matchingfoodandwine. com/news/pairings/20080226/. Food Harmony. Wine Spirit Education Trust. (2011). London â€Å"Wines and Spirits – Looking behind the label†, pages 6-8. Cost Sales Price . (n. d. ). Retrieved on August, 20th, 2013, from Winesearcher: http://www. wine-searcher. com/find/le+pin+pomerol/2007 NAME La Tache 2005 Country France Region Bourgogne Subregion Cote de Nuits De la Romanee Conti Village Vosne-Romanee Estate vineyard La Tache Grapes varieties Pinot Noir Climate Conditions Sunny, becalmed Soil Composition Limestone ridges together with clay Type of wine Red, complex Character of the wine Full body with a strong and powerful character. Food Harmony The food you are matching with a wine usually have a larger impact on the wine rather than the other way round. Therefor when consuming very exclusive wines like this it can be a good idea to rather match it with finger food rather matching it with food dishes. This wine is worth to be the centre of attention. The interesting thing with complex wines is that you can get the most amazing flavours when matching with the right dish. It is hard to know exactly before you match it how the reaction will be. Therefore it can be interesting to match this wine with finger food. Here are some examples that the finger food can contain of: The full body of the wine makes it go well with red meat (steak) or game meat. It would be nice to match this wine with some salty chips or peanuts. The saltiness will help soften this complex full body wine. Some finger food with acidity could be interesting that may be able to increase the fruitiness and sweetness in this wine. I can also help to decrease the perception of acidity. Commercial argumentation La Tache is well known Vineyard on the sunny ridges of the Cote de Nuis Valley that over the years produced a lot of high quality wines. This red Pinot Noir wine is a complex wine from the great harvest of 2005. The character is strong and powerful which makes it an excellent choice for red meat and game. It is a very exclusive wine that can be stored for a long period of time, but is also good to drink now. Cost Sales price 3800â‚ ¬ *3=11400â‚ ¬ References Climate Conditions. (2010). Retrieved on August, 20th, 2013, from Systembolaget: http://www. systembolaget. se/Dryckeskunskap/Kartboken/#/kartboken/europa/frankrike/bourgogne/cote-de-nuits/ Soil Composition. (2010). Retrieved on August, 20th, 2013, from Systembolaget: http://www.systembolaget. se/Dryckeskunskap/Kartboken/#/kartboken/europa/frankrike/bourgogne/cote-de-nuits/ Character of the wine. (n. d. ) Retrieved on August, 20th, 2013, from Divin DRC RESEAUCONSEIL: http://www. vin-drc. com/fr/69-la-tache-2005. html Food Harmony. (n. d. ) Retrieved on August, 20th, 2013, from Divin DRC RESEAUCONSEIL: http://www. vin-drc. com/fr/69-la-tache-2005. html Food Harmony. Wine Spirit Education Trust. (2011). London â€Å"Wines and Spirits – Looking behind the label†, pages 6-8. Cost Sales Price (n. d. ). Retrieved on August, 20th, 2013, from Divin DRC RESEAUCONSEIL: http://www.vin-drc. com/fr/69-la-tache-2005. html NAME Carneros district Mondavi 2010 Country USA, California Region Napa Valley Subregion Carneros Village Oakville Estate vineyard Robert Mondavi Grapes varieties Pinot Noir Climate Conditions Long hot and dry summers with cool fogs, mild winters Soil Composition The grapes are grown on the famous terroir Rutheford Bench, which contains of Gravel, sand, silt and clay. The terroir is made of various size of sediment. Type of wine Red, sweet Character of the wine Crispy acidity with a tight structure. Fruity for being a Pinot Noir. Food Harmony Food harmony can be achieved by pairing this wine with dishes with hint of spice like crispy duck with some roasted beetroot. The sweetness and fruitiness goes very well with the spices. The wines fruitiness could also be accompanied with some combination of figs or cherry. Commercial argumentation This Californian wine made of Pinot Noir is an affordable wine with a good price. The estate of Robert Mondavi situated in Napa Valley is well known for its long term good quality wine. Napa Valley region is known to produce a lot of the best wines from USA. The long, hot and dry summers and mild winters makes this a safe choice that next to never makes the consumer disappointed. Easy to match with food, which makes it perfect to share a bottle when customers are eating different kinds of food. Dishes with high umami is usually hard to match with red wine. Because of the sweetness and fruitiness of this wine it can be a good alternative for those kind of dishes, like mushrooms, smoked meat and hard cheeses. Cost Sales price 27$=20,3â‚ ¬ 20,3â‚ ¬*3=61â‚ ¬ References Climate Conditions. (2010). Retrieved on August, 21st, 2013, fr. Systembolaget: http://www.systembolaget. se/Dryckeskunskap/Kartboken/#/kartboken/usa/kalifornien/north-coast/ Soil Composition. (2010). Retrieved on August, 21st, 2013, from Systembolaget: http://www. systembolaget. se/Dryckeskunskap/Kartboken/#/kartboken/usa/kalifornien/north-coast/ Character of the wine. (n. d. ). Retrieved on August, 21st, 2013, fr. Robert Mondavi: http://www. robertmondaviwinery. com Food Harmony. (2013). Retrieved on August, 21st, 2013, from Fiona Beckett: http://www. matchingfoodandwine. com/news/pairings/the-best-food-pairings-for-pinot-noir/ Food Harmony. Wine Spirit Education Trust. (2011). London â€Å"Wines and Spirits – Looking behind the label†, pages 6-8. Cost Sales Price. (n. d. ) Retrieved on August, 21st, 2013, fr. Robert Mondavi: http://www. robertmondaviwinery. com/index. cfm? method=pages. showPagepageID=5a5722bc-cc11-fb4f-713e-d64406fbae0csortBy=DisplayOrdermaxRows=12page=1 NAME Laurent Perrier Grand Sicele Country France Region Champagne Subregion Tours-sur-Marne Village Epernay Estate vineyard N/A Grapes varieties Chardonnay slightly dominant together with Pinot Noir Climate Conditions Mild climate, rainy, windy with average temperature of 10,5 Celsius. The weather can be vey different from year to year. That is the reason why many Champagnes are a blend from different vintages, grapes and vineyards. Soil Composition Very Calcareous soil. The soil has perfect balance between permeability and the ability to store humidity from the rain in case of drought. Type of wine A dry Champagne with bright yellow colour Character of the wine A round and well-balanced wine with a character. Expressive aromas of white flowers and tropical fruits. Food Harmony Laurent Perrier Grand Sicele is good with for example oysters and caviar. The saltiness goes very well with the freshness of the champagne. â€Å"Mild slightly chalky cheeses can work well. The classic example is Chaource, a cheese which is often paired with champagne but a mild but flavourful cheese like Gorwydd Caerphilly is good too. Very mild cheese like Mozzarella is an undemanding but also slightly uninteresting match†. Commercial argumentation The roundness and taste of white flowers in its beautiful seductive bottle makes it a perfect choice for romantic celebrations. It is seductive with its fresh aromas of white flowers and fruitiness. Even though it is dry it can be a good match with unsweetened strawberries, but also a good match

Education :: English Literature

Education Education in Nervous Conditions. Education is often regarded as beneficial for people and necessary for advancement where people willingly accept to get educated. However in the case of Africa, education was forced on the population, especially western education. Although the Africans had an established medium of education, western education came to replace it and this education under the faà §ade of benefiting the society was there to exploit the people. Western education destroyed the people’s culture exploiting their intellect and their labor. The African’s medium of education was there to inculcate the values and culture of the tribes and this way of educating people was seen as inferior and the Europeans believed in an eradication of that type of education: â€Å"The traditional African educational systems, in their various forms, served the needs of the African people much more than the colonial educational system ever could.† Colonial education brought forward by missionaries was intended to make the local people westernized and follow or corporate with the western government: â€Å"colonial African education was not based on a desire to educate the African people, but a desire to have the ability to control the African people.† Students who follow colonial education are torn between the western world and their own African world and they have this feeling of not belonging to either culture. They don’t want to follow their own culture as they feel superior to it and the white world does not accept them either. The Africans have adopted alongside with the colonial education, the values of the western world and this makes these students move away from the traditional world of Africa. The young generation would feel that through this education they had acquire too many skills to be able to get a proper gob in their society which they consider as backwards and when they leave their country for the colonial empire they are rejected. In Dangarembga's Nervous conditions, we are presented with the westernization of various characters through education. British education plays a great role in the novel where Tambu, Babamukuru, Nhamo and Nyasha, all bear the impact of this education. Dangarembga’s gives weight to Kachru’s ‘alchemy of English’ where: â€Å"Tambu tells us that "white wizards" from the south who were "well versed in treachery and black magic" educated her uncle Babamukuru (18-9)† Tambu knows that the British education is an important way to enable her to evade her two major biological roles, that of being a woman and of being black, which have imprisoned her in her culture. When the novel starts Tambu is seen as being happy at her brother’s death as this is enabling her to go to a western school where the colonial education

From your understanding of Frankenstein Essay

This gives us the impression that Walton is far less judgemental of the creature and therefore offers a certain glimmer of hope for rejuvenation. It is clear to me also from the text that Mary Shelley has provided her readers with an implicit example of social inequality and therefore through events, offered a condemnation for such injustices. Arguably, Mary Shelley is in fact offering a criticism of humanity’s eagerness to judge and condemn on appearances, therefore the theme of good and evil is sub-categorised into that of appearance and reality. Mary Shelley suggests that society is blinded by a sense of prejudice and desire to judge first and foremost on appearances above all else. The monster is undoubtedly hideous in appearance. His own creator upon first looking upon his being feels that ‘No mortal could support the horror of that countenance. ‘ However, upon first encountering the Monster in chapter 10, the conflict between appearance and reality comes into play. We to,o judging upon his monstrous form, expect little more than attempts of communication, perhaps a series of inarticulate grunts. Instead, we are shocked with the creature’s ability to express himself and of his calm, dignified and biblically alluded eloquence. ‘Remember, that I am thy creature. I ought to be thy Adam, but rather I am rather the fallen angel. ‘ This eloquence is heightened by the contrasting way in which Viktor is seen to expresses himself. He, surprisingly, is unable to do more than splutter broken insults, in comparison to the harmonious, flowing and balanced way in which the creature has the ability to articulate. While the creature has the ability to articulate his desires and maintain self control, Victor merely insults the creature, which stands out as cowardice. Even more of a surprise is that we soon come to the realisation that the creature is, despite his hideous appearance, the most eloquent character within the novel. Therefore we are asked to question or own pre-judgements when presented with such eloquence. The Delacey family are portrayed to be compassionate and good human beings, they themselves being victims of prejudice. The creature admires them and grows to love them, describing them as ‘compassionate and good human beings’ It is ironic, that even the Delacey’s prove capable instigating the same type of prejudice towards the monster that they have faced themselves. Both have suffered at the hands of prejudice yet they cannot find a common ground because of the all too human failing to deal with what is alien in a society which is so focused on appearance. They reject the monster utterly, not by his actions, but judging upon his physical appearance. He is spurned upon his appearance in spite of his politeness, eloquence and good intentions. Indeed the monster recognises ‘a fatal prejudice clouds their eyes, and where they ought to see a feeling and kind friend, they behold only a detestable monster’ It is ironic that the only member of the family who has the ability to see clearly is the old man Delacey, who is physically blind. He reassures the monster’I and my family have been condemned, although innocent; judge therefore, if I do not feel your misfortunes. ‘ Shelley therefore offers us the consideration that whilst eyes allow us sight they also alarmingly blind us to reality. Therefore the idea of sight and blindness becomes blurred and it is questionable what use sight is to us when we are so utterly blinded by our prejudices that we cannot see clearly. We, as readers cannot help but feel a sense of pathos towards the monster at this point. We know his intentions were pure yet he was denied a sense of acceptance based solely upon his physical appearance. This is obviously a critique of prejudice within society and we are forced to recognise alarmingly that it is a crime that we ourselves are guilty of. Therefore, through the monsters spurn and rejection there is definitely a sense of morality to be obtained. This point is supported extensively by the further degradation of the monster through the progression of events. The novel relates the entire progression of how a pure creature can become corrupted by society. We gradually witness the monster falling further and further into a sense of resentment and bitterness as a direct result of the prejudices he has faced and the frustrations of his inability to fit in. He claims that ‘Evil thenceforth became my good. ‘ Whilst we detest and deplore his actions we witness we can recognise the reasoning behind the monsters evil. Through the monsters plight we are witnesses to the utter degeneration of what was once a ‘benevolent and compassionate being’ into what is essentially the ‘abhorred monster’ which Victor so often describes. We find ourselves identifying with his own universal and very human desire for acceptance which does not in fact render him ‘monstrous’ at all. There is a striking contradiction here between the verbal and the visual, a conflict between expectations and experiences. We are forced therefore to question our pre-set prejudices, our expectations and qualities assigned to the creature against the stereotypical monster figure we imagine. We come to realise that what we have defined as ‘Monstrous’ is our stereotypical analysis of anything which is essentially different from ourselves. We are shocked that we ourselves judge first and foremost on appearances. Mary Shelley has effectively provided us and therefore offered to us a critique of how society is blinded by prejudice. The story of Safie is yet another critique and portrayal of prejudices which exist within society, to women in particular. Safie, in contrast to Elizabeth has been set up as a paragon of female virtue. She breaks away from the patriarchal society to what she belongs and rebels against the ‘tyrannical mandate’ of her father. Against all odds she succeeds upon her sheer determination and will not to fall under the imposing darkness that men can be seen to impose upon women of all societies through their oppression. Safie is a definite portrayal of what a woman could be, and a demonstration of what a woman singularly can achieve if she uses her initiative and independence. Safie, like Elizabeth is subject to prejudice from her culture, this prejudice being emblemised by her father. Yet she is set up in opposition to Elizabeth, who ironically lives in a westernised society, where perhaps more equality is available to women. Elizabeth however is passive in contrast to Safie who has a ‘fiery spirit’ Safie, unlike Elizabeth is not set up as a possession, she is independent, and not reliant upon men, and therefore it is arguable that Safie.

All Quiet on the Western Front-Novel

â€Å"Men may have escaped the shells of battle but were often destroyed by war† How is this idea explored in the novel? â€Å"All Quiet on the Western Front† written by Erich Maria Remarque explores the idea that men have escaped the shells of battle but were often destroyed by war. Remarque presents the changes in Paul and his friends and by displaying the sense of isolation the men feel after the war by using a range of techniques. Remarque displays the changes in Paul and his friends by showing how the boys were once school boys who had an education and a future but war extinguished all innocence and hope for a future.The boys begin as an innocent class of twenty young men have the belief that war would be a glorious experience. â€Å"†¦Our heads were full of nebulous ideas which cast an idealized, almost romantic glow over life and even the war†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 15)This enables the reader to comprehend how much of an impact the opinion of the older generation had. Remarque uses the technique of inclusive language â€Å"When we came out here we were cut off, whether we like it or not, from everything we had done up to that point. † (p. 4) to reveal the universal suffering of the men. When Paul returns home he realises that only those who experienced the war would truly understand the effect the war had on the individual. When Paul’s Mother talks to him about the war she tries to understand what Paul is suffering but Paul realises she truly has no idea. â€Å"She says ‘with the gas and all the rest of it’. She doesn’t know what she is saying†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 116) This further destroys the men as they as no one truly understands what they’re feeling.Remarque continues to use metaphors during the text to demonstrate how the boys’ outlook on life has changed dramatically. â€Å"†¦The war has ruined us for everything†¦ We are no longer young men. We’ve lost any desire to conq uer the world. We are refugees. We are fleeing from ourselves. From our lives. † (p. 63) this quote emphasises how the war has killed everything inside of them that ever hoped for a future because the boys cannot literally flee from their lives. ‘We are refugees’ maintains the point that they will never be able to escape from the war and its effects.Lastly the metaphor â€Å"an abyss of suffering† finalises the amount of pain, grief and suffering the boys will face for the rest of their lives. On the surface it appears that the war has not impacted Paul and his way life but his struggles are imminent when he returns home on leave. Paul experiences a deep feeling of isolation when he returns home to find himself struggling to reconnect with civilisation. â€Å"The scenes existed once- but they will never return. They are gone, they are another world, a world that is in the past for us† (p. 7) This urges the reader to sympathise with Paul as he uses a sad, desperate tone of voice, wishing that he could become part of his old world again. â€Å"This sudden confrontation with the civilized world is too much for me. † (p. 174) This stresses the point that Paul has been away for so long, living in a completely different world of death, despair and fear that he is overwhelmed at the prospect of a clean bed and a proper toilet. When Paul returns home he develops an understanding of how a barrier has built itself between Paul and his old life.This quote further portrays the isolation Paul feels at home â€Å"’You are home, you are home. ’ But there is an awkwardness that will not leave me, I can’t get used to everything yet†¦ There is a veil and a few steps between me and them. † (p. 115) â€Å"Suddenly a terrible feeling of isolation wells up inside me. I can’t get back, I’m locked out; however much I might plead, however much I try†¦ and the past turns away from me. † ( p. 124) Remarque uses the tone of voice and words such as ‘I’ and ‘me’ to conclude that Paul is alone in his suffering and that at this point in time, he has no one to turn to.The metaphor ‘the past turns away from me’ allows the reader to fully comprehend how strong the barrier is that has formed and how isolated Paul feels when he describes how he feels as if his past is literally turning away from him and leaving him behind in the uncertainty and despair of war. Remarque effectively captured the idea of how although men escaped the shells of battle their lives were destroyed by the war. It reveals how the men evolved from being young and innocent with a family and future to knowing nothing but death and despair and having no hope for a future.

Quoting Out of Context Fallacy (Changing Meaning)

Quoting Out of Context Fallacy (Changing Meaning) The fallacy of quoting something out of context is often included in the Fallacy of Accent, and it is true that there are strong parallels. However, Aristotles original Fallacy of Accent referred solely to shifting the accent on syllables within words, and it is already stretched in modern discussions of fallacies to include shifting the accent between words within a sentence. To expand it further to include shifting emphasis on entire passages is, perhaps, going a bit far. For that reason, the concept of quoting out of context gets its own section. What does it mean to quote someone out of context? After all, every quotation necessarily excludes large sections of the original material and is thus an out of context quotation. What makes this a fallacy is to take a selective quotation which distorts, alters, or even reverses the originally intended meaning. This can be done accidentally or deliberately. Examples and Discussion Quoting out of Context A good example is already hinted at in the discussion of the Fallacy of Accent: irony. A statement meant ironically can be taken wrong when in written form because much irony is communicated through the emphasis when spoken. Sometimes, however, that irony is communicated more clearly through the addition of more material. For example: 1. This has been the best play Ive seen all year! Of course, it is the only play Ive seen all year.2. This was a fantastic movie, as long as you arent looking for plot or character development. In both of these reviews, you start out with an ironic observation which is followed by an explanation which communicates that the foregoing was meant to be taken ironically rather than literally. This can be a dangerous tactic for reviewers to employ because unscrupulous promoters can do this: 3. John Smith calls this the best play Ive seen all year!4. ...a fantastic movie... - Sandy Jones, Daily Herald. In both cases, a passage of the original material has been taken out of context and thereby given a meaning that is exactly the opposite of what was intended. Because these passages are being used in the implicit argument that others should come see the play or movie, they qualify as fallacies, in addition to just being unethical. What you see above is also part of another fallacy, the Appeal to Authority, which attempts to convince you of the truth of the proposition by appealing to the opinion of some authority figure - usually, though, it appeals to their actual opinion rather than a distorted version of it. It is not uncommon for the Quoting Out Of Context fallacy to be combined with an Appeal to Authority, and it is frequently found in creationist arguments. For example, here is a passage from Charles Darwin, often quoted by creationists: 5. Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely-graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the most obvious and serious objection which can be urged against the theory. The Origin of Species (1859), Chapter 10 Obviously, the implication here is that Darwin doubted his own theory and had encountered a problem he could not solve. But lets look at the quote in the context of the two sentences following it: 6. Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely-graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the most obvious and serious objection which can be urged against the theory.The explanation lies, as I believe, in the extreme imperfection of the geological record. In the first place, it should always be borne in mind what sort of intermediate forms must, on the theory, have formerly existed... It is now obvious that instead of raising doubts, Darwin was simply using a rhetorical device to introduce his own explanations. The exact same tactic has been used with quotations from Darwin about the development of the eye. Of course, such methods are not limited to just creationists. Here is a quote from Thomas Henry Huxley used on alt.atheism by Rooster, a.k.a Skeptic: 7. This is ... all that is essential to Agnosticism. That which Agnostics deny and repudiate, as immoral, is the contrary doctrine, that there are propositions which men ought to believe, without logically satisfactory evidence; and that reprobation ought to attach to the profession of disbelief in such inadequately supported propositions.The justification of the Agnostic principle lies in the success which follows upon its application, whether in the field of natural, or in that of civil, history; and in the fact that, so far as these topics are concerned, no sane man thinks of denying its validity. The point of this quote is to try and argue that, according to Huxley, all that is essential to agnosticism is to deny that there are propositions which we should believe even though we do not have logically satisfactory evidence. However, this quote misrepresents the original passage: 8. I further say that Agnosticism is not properly described as a negative creed, nor indeed as a creed of any kind, except in so far as it expresses absolute faith in the validity of a principle, which is as much ethical as intellectual. This principle may be stated in various ways, but they all amount to this: that it is wrong for a man to say that he is certain of the objective truth of any proposition unless he can produce evidence which logically justifies that certainty.This is what Agnosticism asserts; and, in my opinion, it is all that is essential to Agnosticism. That which Agnostics deny and repudiate, as immoral, is the contrary doctrine, that there are propositions which men ought to believe, without logically satisfactory evidence; and that reprobation ought to attach to the profession of disbelief in such inadequately supported propositions.The justification of the Agnostic principle lies in the success which follows upon its application, whether in the field of natural, or in that of civil, history; and in the fact that, so far as these topics are concerned, no sane man thinks of denying its validity. [emphasis added] If you notice, the phrase it is all that is essential to Agnosticism actually refers to the preceding passage. Thus, what is essential to Huxleys agnosticism is that people should not claim to be certain of ideas when they do not have the evidence which logically justifies such certainty. The consequence of adopting this essential principle, then, leads agnostics to repudiate the idea that we ought to believe things when we lack satisfactory evidence. Combining the Out of Context Fallacy with Other Fallacies Another common way to use the fallacy of quoting out of context is to combine with a Straw Man argument. In this, someone is quoted out of context so that their position appears weaker or more extreme than it is. When this false position is refuted, the author pretends that they have refuted the real position of the original person. Of course, most of the examples above are do not by themselves qualify as arguments. But it would not be unusual to see them as premises in arguments, either explicit or implicit. When this happens, then a fallacy has been committed. Until then, all we have is simply an error.

Complete SAT Instructions, With Tips and Strategies

Complete SAT Instructions, With Tips and Strategies SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What are the instructions that you’ll see on the SAT? And are they important? In this article I’ll take a closer look at the directions you’re given on the test and tell you what parts of them are most critical for earning high scores! Instructions? What Instructions? On the SAT, you’ll see instructions on every section about how to answer questions as well as instructions on your answer sheet about how to select and fill in answers. What followsare the instructions that you should expect to see for different parts of the test laid out section by section.I’ll also go into more detail and show you the instructions for different types of questions within the three sections so you’ll be prepared for everything! Answer Sheet Instructions You will get a set of overall multiple choice instructions on the answer sheet that look like this: This is demonstrating how you should fill in answers to get credit for your responses.Make sure you bring a couple of #2 pencils to the test so that you have a backup in case one breaks!Don't use mechanical pencils.You should also follow the instructions for filling in circles darkly and completely. If you erase any answers, do it thoroughly, and bring an extra eraser just in case. Instructions for All Multiple Choice Sections The one direction you’ll see at the end of every section of the SAT is this: On the SAT, you can’t turn back to a previous section and answer questions you skipped or flip to the next section and start looking at questions early.If you do, it’s considered cheating!Everyone must have the same amount of time for each section. If you turn back, you’re giving yourself extra time, which is unfair to other students. SAT Reading Instructions On the new SAT Reading section, all questions are passage-based (no more sentence completion questions with crazy vocabulary!). Here are the overall instructions for the Reading section: You’ll see both single passages and paired passages, and some may be accompanied by relevant graphics. There are 52 questions in total that are asked over the course of five different passages or pairs of passages. These questions are based on information in individual passages, relationships between paired passages, or relationships between passages and graphics. When it says to choose the best answer to each question based on what’s â€Å"stated or implied†, this is an opportunity for slight confusion.Something being implied on the SAT is not exactly the same as something being implied in real life or in reading for an English class.The implication has to be very direct in order for you to take it as evidence for the answer to a question on the SAT.Since the SAT is standardized, there can be no room for subjectivity in answers.If you think something has been implied, make sure your thoughts are based on concrete evidence provided by the passage and not pure assumptions. SAT Writing Instructions The SAT Writing section has been simplified in a way on the new SAT. All questions are now passage-based (just like the Reading section). Here are the directions you'll see at the beginning of the section: Basically, the directions explain that questions will ask you to improve the quality of writing in each passage by correcting grammar errors, fixing sentence and paragraph structure, and revising word usage. Much like the Reading section, passages in the Writing section are sometimes accompanied by tables or graphs that you'll need to consider as you answer questions. In most cases, question numbers are inserted into the passages indicating which sentence or word you will potentially need to revise. SAT Math Instructions There are two math sections on the new SAT: the first section does not allow the use of a calculator, and the second section does. Both sections includemultiple choice and grid-in questions. The first section has 20 questions, 15 of which are multiple choice and five of which are grid-ins.The instructions that you’ll see at the beginning of the section look like this: Key points to keep in mind based on the instructions are: Use the space you’re given! Don’t hesitate to write things out if you’re unsure about them in your head. The diagrams are there to help you. They're drawn to scale, so use them for reference. The domain of a function on the SAT is always all real numbers unless otherwise indicated. I also included all the formulas that are provided for this section.Even though they’ll be there on the test, you might still decide to memorize these formulas.You'll waste valuable time if you keep needing to flip back to the first page of the section. For the last five grid-in math problems in this section, you’ll see the following instructions: Key points to remember from these instructions: Fill in the circles completely and correctly. DON’T just write the numbers in the boxes because that’s not the part that’s going to be scored by the machine. There are no negative answers for grid in questions. If you get a mixed number fraction for an answer, turn it into an improper fraction or a decimal before gridding it in. Leave any columns you don’t need blank. If you get a long decimal answer that won’t fit in the grid, round it, but make sure it fills the entire grid so it’s the most accurate possible response. The second math section has 38 questions that you will answer over the course of 55 minutes. It includes 30 multiple-choice questions and eight grid-in questions. The only difference in the instructions for the second section is that the use of a calculator is allowed. Remember that you can use your calculator as much or as little as you want. There will be cases in this section where it's actually faster NOT to use your calculator, so be mindful of which method makes the most sense for each question. Woo...oh man...excuse me while I wipe away tears of mirth. SAT Essay Instructions The instructions for the now optional SAT essaylook like this: To make sense of these instructions, it's important to understand the format of SAT essay prompts.The prompt will consist of a piece of persuasive writing. You're expected to analyze the techniques that the author uses to build his or her argument. You will need to â€Å"demonstrate that you have read the passage carefully, present a clear and logical analysis, and use language precisely."What do they really mean? "Demonstrate that you have read the passage carefully" This means you should frequently use direct quotes from the passage to back up your response. Make sure you fully understand the author's point and are able to explain it clearly with solid evidence. It's best to read the passage very thoroughly before you start writing and underline the most important points. This will help you to write an essay that is more mindful of the exact methods by which the author's argument is constructed. "Present a clear and logical analysis" Write a good introduction with a thesis that clearly states the aspects of the author's argument you plan to analyze.Use specific examples from the text to support your point in logical order.You should also write a well thought out conclusion that summarizes the main points you made in your essay about the techniques the author uses to build an argument. "Use language precisely" Try to use advanced vocabulary words, but only if you’re very confident with them. Using a word incorrectly could hurt you.Make an effort to avoid repetition and createsmooth transitions between your thoughts. The rest of the instructions tell you to be careful with your handwriting and to write only in the lines on your answer sheet.If you think you’re going to have a problem with writing legibly, you might want to look into testing with accommodations.You may be able to type your essay in extreme cases. The instructions also reiterate that you need to use a #2 pencil, write on the answer sheet and NOT in the test booklet, and stay on topic! Conclusion To save yourself time on test day, you should understand the instructions for each section before you sit down to take the SAT. The new SAT has four sections, each of which is accompanied by one or more unique sets of instructions. All questions on both the Reading and Writing sections are multiple-choice and passage-based, and the two Math sections contain both multiple-choice questions and grid-in questions. The essay now involves analyzing how a persuasive argument is constructed by the author of a given passage. Now that you're armed with this background information, the foundation is laid for you to takesome realpractice tests! What's Next? For more quick facts about the SAT, check out these 21 SAT tips and tricks you can use to raise your scores! Still not sure what score you should be aiming for on the SAT? Read this guide to learn how to calculate your target score. If you're looking to register for the test, learn whether the next date is best or if you should hold off until later. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. Check out our 5-day free trial today:

Human rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Human rights - Essay Example Under the universal declaration of human rights, specific articles have been put in place in regard to spelling out on what rights are. For example, article 1 of the universal declaration of human rights, it is spelled out that all human beings are equal in dignity and rights. Analytically, this could be termed as the primary concept of interpreting how every human being should be treated. This means that any act of discriminating or undermining the state of another human being is uncalled for. Another major article is article 3, which stipulates that e very person has the rights to life. In relation to this article, it is correct to argue that any act by another human being that threatens the life of another human being could amount to violation of this right. In this regard, it is indispensable that human rights are critical and needs to be protected effectively. Time and again, political intrigues have been cited as the major course for human rights violations (Donnelly 10). As the political class fight for power and supremacy, most of the human rights are violated. This has been evidenced by historical genocides violence against the minority groups. Nevertheless, violation of human rights could also come in terms of other social economic factors that minority groups are