Dating in the Workplace is not Ethical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dating in the Workplace isn't Ethical - Essay Example The explanation being that â€Å"he had an unsanctioned romance with a female employee† which was not in concurrence with the company’s Code of Conduct. The act of dating happens much frequently in the work environment setting. Individuals meet one another and get inspired by each others’ lives and side interests, lastly create connections. Work environments are the disconnected interpersonal organizations instead of the online informal communities. People get into contact and begin seeing one another. Work environment happens to be an advantageous spot to go get a reasonable individual on the grounds that a representative probably won't have additional opportunity to spend elsewhere searching for one. Notwithstanding, working in an organization doesn't really imply that one is going to discover his perfect partner; rather, one should move in the direction of the foundation of hierarchical objectives and must not bounce into connections since genuineness is uncom mon. â€Å"Don’t plunge your pen in the organization ink!†, is a well-known axiom Gardner cites in his article. Specialists encourage workers not to date in light of the fact that there are numerous moral issues identified with it. There are cons of working environment dating that exceed the masters. However, the harsh the truth is that workers won't quit dating one another. Let us currently examine the moral contemplations that accompany the issue of working environment dating. Moral Considerations Dr. ... In any case, he chose to make it in excess of an expert relationship.† This implies in spite of the fact that it is completely typical to build up an expert connection among people at the work environment, yet it isn't reasonable using any and all means to make the relationship individual. Numerous organizations even follow a Code of Conduct that all representatives must need to submit to, which denies them to date at the working environment. Siegel further affirms that colleague connections are not that a lot of an issue as various leveled connections like between a chief and a subordinate. At the point when such a relationship creates, it is the ideal opportunity for one of the two to leave the place of employment since they are numerous moral contemplations that are being upset. Blending of sex and force isn't at all ideal for the notoriety and accomplishment of the organization over the long haul. Inappropriate behavior Although working environments are incredible spots for individuals to meet and create connections, yet an expansion in the quantity of lewd behavior claims cautions representatives not to create rushed connections through dating (Covey and Narvell 130). There are severe punishments for inappropriate behavior at work and rumored organizations don't bear such representatives. A male worker might be charged as a sexual harasser if, for instance, he has been involved with a female co-representative and after a separation, despite everything pursues her to fix things up. The last may document a claim against him for inappropriate behavior. Additionally, if there should be an occurrence of various leveled based connections, when a manager dates his secretary, for instance, at that point it isn't at all essential that the relationship is commonly agreed on the grounds that there is component of intensity in it which can't be overlooked. Law will in general ensure the subordinate as opposed to the chief if anytime the previous one documents a

Pizza Cut Value Chain Analysis Essay Example

Pizza Cut Value Chain Analysis Essay About Value Chain Analysis: Value Chain Analysis portrays the exercises that happen in a business and relates them to an examination of the serious quality of the business. A worth chain distinguishes and detaches the different financial worth including exercises, for example, separating an item, bringing down the expense, and addressing need rapidly that happen some route in each firm. It depicts exercises required to make an incentive for clients of a given item or administration. It tells where minimal effort points of interest exist; in what ways every movement can be attempted to separate it from that of a firm’s contender, how to convey fulfillment to clients as fast as could be expected under the circumstances. Business is viewd as a procedure, a chain of exercises so as to discover the qualities and shortcoming of a firm working in a serious domain. Upper hand is made and supported just when a firm can play out the most basic capacities either more economically or superior to its rivals. The worth making exercises of a firm, as indicated by Michael Porter proposed that the is gathered under two headings: (1) Primary Activities those that are legitimately worried about making and conveying an item . (2) Support Activities, which are not straightforwardly engaged with creation, yet may build adequacy or productivity and work to improve or to help the working of essential exercises. Connecting Value Chain Analysis to Competitive Advantage A business which wishes to beat its rivals through separating itself through greater should play out its worth chain exercises superior to the restriction. We will compose a custom paper test on Pizza Cut Value Chain Analysis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Pizza Cut Value Chain Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Pizza Cut Value Chain Analysis explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Conversely, a procedure dependent on looking for cost administration will require a decrease in the expenses related with the worth chain exercises, or a decrease in the aggregate sum of assets utilized. About Pizza Hut: Yum! Brands Inc is the proprietor of the Pizza Hut chain around the world. A Fortune 300 organization, Yum! Brands possesses Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, AW and Long John Silver’s eateries around the world. Yum! created more than US$ 25. 9 billion in overall deals in the year 2003, and has in excess of 33,000 eateries in more than 100 nations. Pizza Hut entered India in 1996, and opened its first café in Bangalore. From that point forward it has caught a prevailing and critical portion of the pizza advertise and has kept up an amazing development pace of more than 40 percent for every annum. Pizza Hut is accepted to have near 50 percent piece of the pie of the composed pizza-retailing section in India. I have picked hardly any goals of Pizza hovel in Indian Market and how could it use Value tie examination to accomplish its destinations. Pizza hut’s principle system to stay serious is being client centered and administration arranged. So its primary goals dependent on this are: Objectives of Pizza Hut in Indian Market †¢To give world-class office and taste to its Indian clients in a practical manner. †¢To keep up uniform taste over the entirety of its outlets. †¢To present its items when and where the client needs inside submitted thirty minutes time. †¢To amuse the client, ie more past fulfillment. Lets us see that how Pizza cabin attempted to accomplish its goals by improving its exercises utilizing esteem chain investigation. Worth CHAIN OF PIZZA HUT: Inbound Logistics: Buying of every single crude material as mozzarella cheddar, pepperoni, sauce, base, potato, vegetables, wheat, babycorn, flavors, chicken. Manufcaturing Operations: Preparing of pizza base. Modifying Pizzas at outlets. Active transportation and Logistics: Transporting pizza base to all pizza cottage outlets, Delivery of Pizza to the clients, basically in home conveyance. Client care: Catering to the requirements of the clients when pizza flexibly. Showcasing: Advertising and Campaigning of Pizza cottage items. It is primarily the help exercises that make item separation or cost decrease and enhance the item and increments customer’s fulfillment and pleasure. Lets perceive how pizza hovel turns out to be every one of the help exercises that improves the working of essential exercises. Acquisition: (This worries how assets are obtained for the business) Main issue for Pizza hovel was to give quality scrumptious Pizza’s at moderate expense in Indian Market. They meant to give a quality item to their client and then again be responsive too. The cost will go high thus to be productive enough they have to keep up the gracefully chain. For this they focused on economies of scale and built up a chain of neighborhood providers for 95% of its fixings. Anyway as they mean to give world class office and taste, Pizza cottage imports the fundamental taste causing fixings like pepperoni, mozzarella cheddar from Australia and spain resp. Be that as it may, because of this the expense of the item increments. In any case, by neighborhood sourcing of every single other fixing like vegetables, tomatoes, wheat they could repay this expanded expense. Container boxes are likewise bought locally to profit by the economies of scale Their key choice here is to frame a chain of neighborhood providers to lessen their expense of material acquisition. Anyway further on account of section of different contenders like Domino’s to Indian market Pizza cottage further attempted to diminish its expense without influencing quality or taste. For this Pizza hovel has built up a tie up with Bangalore based Dynamix Dairy Industries Ltd(DDIL) for sourcing mozzarella cheddar. By this the expense and lead time for cheddar has diminished incredibly. Landed expense of cheddar comes to US$ 3. 3 to 3. 5/kg and the local cost is US$ 2. 9 to 3. 1/kg, the lead time has diminished from 60 to 30 days. Advancement and Development: The organization contribute assets for look into on customers’ needs and dissecting customers’ criticism about people's opinion of pizzas; what do they like or aversion about pizzas; and what do they need from pizzas. The inputs and research are the premise of the organization for advancement and improvement of new items. Phone numbers are given to clients to give their input about the item and recommendations. Separate groups are devoted for ceaseless study in all the outlets and considering client inclination and taste. Through client quiestionairre, center gathering, showcase study changing client needs are contemplated and new items acquainted with keep charming the clients and make Pizza cottage not quite the same as the opposition. Human Resource Department: Pizza cottage contributes on aptitudes, Knowledge, preparing and improvement of representative for various positions. The organization has program like yearly execution examinations intended for Team individuals to know precisely the desires and existing open doors for development. Data and aptitudes are all around imparted inside among workers; the organization permits open correspondence right to the top. Client Mania is a program produced for Pizza cabin representatives and it is a program dependent on three standards: operational greatness, incredible advertising and genuine ‘sit up and take notice’ principles of client assistance. The program plans to impart the rudiments of client care to each colleague of Pizza Hut. These incorporate grinning and welcome the client, introduction, great assistance and managing administration issues themselves without looking for administrative assistance. Representatives set their own objectives without management. Everywhere throughout the world, Pizza Hut holds a quarterly client insanity attitude meeting for its colleagues who incorporate all the groups, administrators and Restaurant Support Center Team to emphasize and propel representatives on the significance of giving reliable item quality, administration, feel and incentive for cash to the clients. In this meeting, workers exceptional in client support are perceived and granted. Innovation Development: Information Technology use. Legitimate IT framework and data the executives was missing in Pizza cabin. This lead to charging issue, confusion, miscommunication between the providers and the outlet administrators and wastage of assets. No client database was kept up and no information about client request design, inclinations, need existed. This lead to inappropriate stock control and abundance, short gracefully to outlets. Worked in server stockpiling arrangement of Pizza hovel crumbled because of exponential development of the association organize. Pizza cabin confronted enormous misfortune because of this. To take care of this difficult it sent SAP ERP. Presently SAP ERP assumes the pivotal job in assisting with dealing with the inside activities and to keep up the all-encompassing flexibly chain. By this Pizza cabin dealt with its database and developed approach to keep up its expanding database. Utilization of temperature controlled trucks is likewise a mechanical headway. Other help exercises for every one of Primary action: For Operations and coordinations: Material taking care of and Transportation-In request to keep up uniform taste over the entirety of its outlets, Pizza hovel had set up four commissionaries(Noida, Mumbai, Kolkatta, Bangalore) where Pizza base in made and moved to various Pizza cabin outlets. Here same base is moved to various outlets and there relying on customer’s request garnishes made and served. This additionally maintains a strategic distance from issue emerging from abrupt interest of specific pizza, as just plain base is moved to all spots and at outlets altered Pizzas are made to give assortments to client. It is a Push Pull technique utilized here, clients are fulfilled on getting hand crafted pizza and Pizza hu

The Psychology of Forgetting and Why Memory Fails

The Psychology of Forgetting and Why Memory Fails Theories Cognitive Psychology Print The Psychology of Forgetting and Why Memory Fails By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 08, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 07, 2020 zeljkosantrac / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Forgetting is an all too common part of daily life. Sometimes these memory slips are simple and fairly innocuous, such as forgetting to return a phone call. Other times, forgetting can be much more dire and even have serious consequences, such as an eyewitness forgetting important details about a crime. Why do we forget? From forgetting where you left your keys to forgetting to return a phone call, memory failures are an almost daily occurrence. Forgetting is so common that you probably rely on numerous methods to help you remember important information such as jotting down notes in a daily planner or scheduling important events on your phones calendar. As you are frantically searching for your missing car keys, it may seem that the information about where you left them is permanently gone from your memory. However, forgetting is generally not about actually losing or erasing this information from your long-term memory.?? Forgetting typically involves a failure in memory retrieval. While the information is somewhere in your long-term memory, you are not able to actually retrieve and remember it. Why Time Plays Such a Key Role in Forgetting Psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus was one of the first to scientifically study forgetting. In experiments where he used himself as the subject, Ebbinghaus tested his memory using three-letter nonsense syllables. He relied on such nonsense words because using previously known words would have involved drawing on his existing knowledge and associations in his memory.?? In order to test for new information, Ebbinghaus tested his memory for periods of time ranging from 20 minutes to 31 days. He then published his findings in 1885 in Memory: A Contribution to Experimental Psychology. His results, plotted in what is known as the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve, revealed a relationship between forgetting and time. Initially, information is often lost very quickly after it is learned. Factors such as how the information was learned and how frequently it was rehearsed play a role in how quickly these memories are lost. The forgetting curve also showed that forgetting does not continue to decline until all of the information is lost.?? At a certain point, the amount of forgetting levels off. What exactly does this mean? Information stored in long-term memory is surprisingly stable. How to Measure Forgetting Sometimes it might seem that information has been forgotten, but even a subtle cue can help trigger the memory. Imagine the last time you took an exam for school. While you might have initially felt forgetful and unprepared, seeing the information presented on the test probably helped cue the retrieval of information you might not have known you even remembered. So how do we know when something has been forgotten? There are a few different ways to measure this:?? Recall: People who have been asked to memorize something, such as a list of terms, might be asked to recall the list from memory. By seeing how many items are remembered, researchers are able to identify how much information has been forgotten. This method might involve the use of free recall (recalling items without hints) or prompted recall (utilizing hints to trigger memories).Recognition: This method involves identifying information that was previously learned. On a test, for example, students might have to recognize which terms they learned about in a chapter of their assigned reading. Theories About Why We Forget Of course, many factors can contribute to forgetting. Sometimes you might be distracted when you learn new information, which might mean that you never truly retain the information long enough to remember it later. Well-known memory researcher Elizabeth Loftus has proposed for key explanations for why forgetting occurs. The four major reasons for forgetting that she cites are: Retrieval failureInterferenceFailure to storeMotivated forgetting A few of the major theories of forgetting include: The Interference Theory What did you have for dinner Tuesday night of last week? Is that difficult to recall? If someone had asked you that question Wednesday morning you probably would have had no problem recalling what you had for dinner the night before. But as intervening days pass, the memories of all the other meals you have eaten since then start to interfere with your memory of that one particular meal. This is a good example of what psychologists call the interference theory of forgetting.?? According to interference theory, forgetting is the result of different memories interfering with one another. The more similar two or more events are to one another, the more likely interference will occur. It is difficult to remember what happened on an average school day two months ago because so many other days have occurred since then. Unique and distinctive events, however, are less likely to suffer from interference. Your 12th-grade prom, high school graduation, wedding, and the birth of your first child are much more likely to be recalled because they are singular eventsâ€"days like no other. Interference also plays a role in what is known as the serial position effect, or the tendency to recall the first and last items of a list.?? For example, imagine that you wrote down a shopping list but forgot to take it with you to the store. In all likelihood, you will probably be able to easily recall the first and last items on your list, but you might forget many of the items that were in the middle. The first thing you wrote down and the last thing you wrote down stand out as being more distinct, while the fourth item and seventh item might seem so similar that they interfere with each other. There are two basic types of interference that can occur:?? Retroactive interference happens when newly acquired information interferes with old memories. For example, a teacher learning the names of her new class of students at the start of a school year might find it more difficult to recall the names of the students in her class last year. The new information interferes with the old information.Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information makes it more difficult to form new memories. Learning a new phone number or locker combination might be more difficult, for example, because your memories of your old phone number and combination interfere with the new information. Eliminating interference altogether is impossible, but there are a few things you can do to minimize its effects. One of the best things you can do is rehearse new information in order to better commit it to memory. In fact, many experts recommend overlearning important information, which involves rehearsing the material over and over again until it can be reproduced perfectly with no errors.?? Another tactic to fight interference is to switch up your routine and avoid studying similar material back to back. For example, dont try to study vocabulary terms for your Spanish language class right after studying terms for your German class. Break up the material and switch to a completely different subject each study session. Sleep also plays an essential role in memory formation. Researchers suggest that  sleeping after you learn something new is one of the best ways to turn new memories into lasting ones.?? The Decay Theory of Forgetting According to the trace theory of memory, the formation of new memories results in physical and chemical changes in the brain that results in a memory trace. Information in short-term memory lasts several seconds and if it is not rehearsed, the neurochemical memory trace quickly fades.?? According to the trace decay theory of forgetting, the events that happen between the formation of a memory and the recall of the memory have no impact on recall.?? Trace theory proposes that the length of time between the memory and recalling that information determines whether the information will be retained or forgotten. If the time interval is short, more information will be recalled. If a longer period of time passes, more information will be forgotten and memory will be poorer. The idea that memories fade over time is hardly new. The Greek philosopher Plato suggested such a thing more than 2,500 years ago. Later, experimental research by psychologists such as Ebbinghaus bolstered this theory.?? One of the problems with this theory is that it is difficult to demonstrate that time alone is responsible for declines in the recall. In real-world situations, many things are bound to happen between the formation of a memory and the recall of that information. A student who learns something in class, for example, might have hundreds of unique and individual experiences between learning that information and having to recall it on an exam. Was forgetting the date that the American Revolutionary War began due to the length of time between learning the date in your American History class and being tested on it, or did the multitude of information acquired during that interval of time play a role? Testing this can be exceedingly difficult since it is nearly impossible to eliminate all the information that might have an influence on the creation of the memory and the recall of the memory. Another problem with decay theory is it does not account for why some memories fade so quickly while others linger. Novelty is one factor that plays a role in why some things are remembered while others are forgotten. For example, you are more likely to remember your very first day of college than all of the intervening days between it and graduation. That first day was new and exciting, but all the following days probably seem quite similar to each other. The Retrieval Failure Theory Sometimes the memories are there, we just cant seem to access them. Two of the basic reasons for this failure in memory retrieval are related to encoding failures and lack of retrieval cues. A common reason why we dont remember information is because it never made it into long-term memory in the first place. Try this well-known demonstration first used by researchers Nickerson and Adams.?? From memory, try to draw the back side of a penny. Once you are done, compare your drawing to an actual penny. Are you surprised by how poorly you recalled what the back of a penny looks like? While you probably had a good idea about the overall shape and color, the actual details were probably pretty fuzzy. Why? Since you dont actually need to know what the back of a penny looks like to differentiate it from other coins, you only really focus on the information you do needâ€"the overall size, shape, and color of the coin. You arent able to recall what the back of a penny really looks like because that information was never really encoded into memory in the first place. The Cue-Dependent Theory of Forgetting Other researchers have suggested that sometimes information is actually present in memory, but that it cannot be recalled unless retrieval cues are present.?? These cues are elements that were present at the time that the actual memory was encoded. For example, remembering the details of your first date with your spouse might be easier if you smell the same scent that your partner was wearing on that first date. The retrieval cue (the perfume) was present when that memory was created, so smelling it again can trigger the retrieval of those memories. Final Thoughts Numerous theories exist to explain how and why we forget. In many situations, several of these explanations might account for why we cannot remember. The passage of time can make memories more difficult to access (decay theory), while the abundance of information vying for our attention can create competition between old and new memories (interference theory). While forgetting is simply a part of life, there are a number of things that we can do to improve our memories and become better at recalling information. Next, take a closer look at some of the different things you can do now to improve your memory. 5 Ways Your Brain Plays Tricks on You

Similarities Between The Ancient River Valley And Mesopotamia

The Ancient River Valley’s included four main Civilizations; Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and the Yellow River. One of the main land was Mesopotamia that is also called â€Å"the land between the rivers† as it divided the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. The other lands did not have as big of rivers as Mesopotamia but still had another mainland named Yellow River in China. These lands, because they grew around water, served a high purpose to attract people to fish, gather wood, and to hunt for nearby animals. Mesopotamia(founded in 3100 BC) Mesopotamia was the a great city that revolved around shipping and trading as it was around water. The supplies helped this city grow and the economy helped create their own self-run civil government.†¦show more content†¦Egypt(founded in 3150 BC) Egypt revolved around being overthrown by Kings and their Queens with heirs once one leaves. Their government surrounded monarchy of higher order over their peasants who bring them what they wish and for what to build. In Egypt the people though the Kings and Queens represented actual gods and never questioned why they need them in the first place as we did. A Queen, who not much information is known about, was one of the true top remarkable rulers of Egypt. When all of the rulers before passed, it was Queen Hatshepsut knowing to have reigned â€Å"peaceably, building temples, and monuments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  resulting in the flourish of Egypt. However, because this was so rare, she began to create herself into a male figure to possess the qualities needed to lead her people. Their society was limited down for women as to say that they were only accessories to others, while some just bring them along. One of the most important information we discovered is how in her waking, their city prospered with more money than anywhere else as she did not care about fighting wars but instead saw fit to treat her people as to where they needed. One main important structure was called â€Å"Djeser-djeseru† which means â€Å"holiest of holy places,† to dedicate it to Amon(god of air and wind). Through all she has done, her stepson, during his reign, decided toShow MoreRelatedMesopotamia vs. Indus River Valley Essay707 Words   |  3 PagesMesopotamia vs. Indus River Valley 9/26/12 Ancient Mesopotamia and the Indus River Valley civilization were two incredibly productive and successful empires. While Mesopotamian politics were slightly less focused on religion and more on other aspects, the two societies shared many social characteristics. They both had defined social hierarchies, as well as similar views on gender roles. These traits are helpful in explaining the similarities and differences betweenRead MoreComparing The River Valley Civilizations1509 Words   |  7 PagesComparing and Contrasting River Valley Civilizations In the following treatise, the research that will be presented will provide criteria involving similarities and differences in three attributes of life in the four primary river valley civilizations. The river valley civilizations are composed of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. While each of these civilizations is unique in their habits and traditions, they share many similar qualities. For this work to be as comprehensive asRead MoreMesopotamia, Egypt, and Indus Valley Essay813 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst civilizations, Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. They had many similarities, such as characteristics of early civilizations and social structures, but they also had their differences. 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Not only this is a double-negative that you do not need.] These were they the first civilizations to form, andbut they were also the first river-valley civilizations using theRead MoreHow Did the Geographic Features of Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Impact Civilization Development?1786 Words   |  8 Pagesdue to certain topographical characteristics like rivers or deserts, a civilization could flourish or collapse. By studying the geographic features of growing societies like the Nile, Euphrates, and Tigris Rivers as well as the Mediterranean Sea of Egypt and Mesopotamia, the link between developing cultures and geography will be examined through sources, including Egypt: Ancient Culture, Modern Land edited by Jaromir Malek and Babylon: Mesopotamia and the Birth of Civilization by Paul Kriwacz ek. To

Health Care System Is Defined As A System - 938 Words

Throughout the time period from the nineteenth century to the twenty-first century, the world has developed speedily with the improvements of human civilization. Nowadays, there are more than seventy percent of the world have been urbanized into developed countries, which contain advanced technologies and a highly developed economic system. Along with the transforms of society, people put the personal health at the first place and concern the health issues more seriously. In the increased phenomenon that people start attaching the importance of being healthy, health care system has performed as an important role in human’s life circle: birth, growth, illness, and death. Health care system is defined as a system â€Å"to include all the activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore or maintain health† (Musgrove et al., 2000, p. 5), with the functions of service delivery, resource production, financing, and management. It covers different health care services, f or example public and private hospitals, health care insurance, medical supplies, health information, and human resources in medical field. The purpose of having the health care system is to â€Å"improve and maintain the health levels of the populations and individuals† (Walley Wright, 2010, p. 145). With the better quality of living in the developed countries, people aim for better living facilities, especially to that of national health care system. A â€Å"good† health care system needs to â€Å"delivers quality services toShow MoreRelatedThe Interdependence Of The Health System1557 Words   |  7 PagesHealth system is defined as â€Å"all activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore, and maintain health† (WHO, 2000). All activities in the â€Å"system† can be assumed as an organization of components and their interconnections that work together for a purpose, which is concerned with people’s health. 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The advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of EHR have been highlighted in the paper. In addition to that, the paper also puts light on the five attributes of an innovation that make it acceptable, which were proposed by Rogers. ApartRead MoreDelivering Cost Effective Healthcare Services1283 Words   |  6 Pagesmaintain and improve their health systems (WHO, 2004). The aim of equal access to health care for all population groups is the common target for many health care systems. The Australian health care system provides resources on the equal access of a mixed private and public funding system which covers the entire population. As Palmer Torgerson (1999) pointed out that decision makers in healthcare flied are dealing with the increasing challenges of the growing demand for health care services with limitedRead MoreDoes Health System Formation Raise Negotiated Price Of Cardiac Surgeries?1729 Words   |  7 Pages Essay 2: Does Health System Formation Raise Negotiated Price of Cardiac surgeries? Price Differences Before and After Selected Health System Formations â€Æ' 1. Introduction Trend in US Health System Formations A process of transformation in the US hospital industry started in the 1980s, with a hospital consolidation trend that completely changed the entire health care sector in the US (Bazzoli, Dynan, Burns, Yap, 2004; Gaynor Haas-Wilson, 1999; Lesser Ginsburg, 2000). At the start of the 1990sRead MoreImplementing The Affordable Care Organizations1147 Words   |  5 PagesAccountable care organizations are growing. Accountable Care or Coordinated Care is putting consumers at the front at our evolving healthcare industry. Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) strive to improve outcomes and reduce costs with improved patient care coordination (Robinson, J. C., Schaffer, L. D. 2015). Coordinated Care is defined as the Right care, at the right time, with no duplication, and to prevent errors. The Affordable Care Act encourages health care organizations to improve qualityRead MoreSignificant Event in Health Care792 Words   |  4 PagesSignificant Health Care Event Linda B. Conner, RN, BS N HCS/531 October 13, 2014 Dale Mueller Significant Health Care Event The health care system in the United States has been growing and changing for years and will continue to do so for years to come. The one constant in the Unite States health care system is change and evolution through evaluations of those changes. If there had not been unrest with the level and provisions of care in the early 1970s Managed Care may have never been introducedRead MoreThe Difference in Outpatient and Inpatient Care Services1463 Words   |  6 Pagesoutpatient and inpatient care services are two simple types of care defined with its longevity of care rendered to a patient. Outpatient is briefly defined as the healthcare service provided to a patient who is not admitted to a facility or immediately released within a 24-hour period. Outpatient care may be provided in any doctor’s office, clinic, patient’s home or hospital outpatient department (Medical Tourism International, 2014). Th is type of care is a non-emergent care service often supplemented

History of Spandex Free Essays

The development of spandex was started during World War II. At this time, chemists took on the challenge of developing synthetic replacements for rubber. Two primary motivating factors prompted their research. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Spandex or any similar topic only for you Order Now First, the war effort required most of the available rubber for building equipment. Second, the price of rubber was unstable and it fluctuated frequently. Developing an alternative to rubber could solve both of these problems. At first, their goal was to develop a durable elastic strand based on synthetic polymers.In 1940, the first polyurethane elastomers were produced. These polymers produced millable gums, which were an adequate alternative to rubber. Around the same time, scientists at Du Pont produced the first nylon polymers. These early nylon polymers were stiff and rigid, so efforts were begun to make them more elastic. When scientists found that other polyurethanes could be made into fine threads, they decided that these materials might be useful in making more stretchable nylons or in making lightweight garments. The first spandex fibers were produced on an experimental level by one of the early pioneers in polymer chemistry, Farbenfabriken Bayer. He earned a German patent for his synthesis in 1952. The final development of the fibers were worked out independently by scientists at Du Pont and the U. S. Rubber Company. Du Pont used the brand name Lycra and began full scale manufacture in 1962. They are currently the world leader in the production of spandex fibers. Raw Materials A variety of raw materials are used to produce stretchable spandex fibers.This includes prepolymers which produce the backbone of the fiber, stabilizers which protect the integrity of the polymer, and colorants. Two types of prepolymers are reacted to produce the spandex fiber polymer back-bone. One is a flexible macroglycol while the other is a stiff diisocyanate. The macro-glycol can be a polyester, polyether, polycarbonate, polycaprolactone or some combination of these. These are long chain polymers, which have hydroxyl groups (-OH) on both ends. The important feature of these molecules is that they are long and flexible. This part of the spandex fiber is responsible for its stretching characteristic. The other prepolymer used to produce spandex is a polymeric diisocyanate. This is a shorter chain polymer, which has an isocyanate (-NCO) group on both ends. The principal characteristic of this molecule is its rigidity. In the fiber, this molecule provides strength. [pic] Corset designed by Jacob Kindliman of New York City in 1890. (From the collections of Henry Ford Museum Greenfield Village, Dearborn, Michigan. ) This corset-clad torso was produced by Jacob Kindliman of New York City in 1890.Kindliman, a corsetiere, hardly needed to advertise. At that time, women thought it was necessary to wear a corset and considered themselves indecently dressed without it until early in the twentieth century. Corsets were a combination brassiere-girdle-waist cincher in an all-in-one garment, forming the foundation shape for fashionable dress. In days before spandex, how did the corset contour the body effectively? In the eighteenth century, thick quilting and stout seams on the corset shaped the body when the garment was tightly laced.In the early nineteenth century, baleen, a bony but bendable substance from the mouth of the baleen whale, was sewn into seams of the corset (hence the term whalebone corsets), however the late 1800s corsets like this were stiffened with small, thin strips of steel covered with fabric. Such steel-clad corsets did not permit movement or comfort. By World War I, American women began separating parts of the corset into two garments—the girdle (waist and hip shaper) and bandeau (softer band used to support and shape the breasts). Nancy EV Bryk When the two types of prepolymers are mixed together, they interact to form the spandex fibers.In this reaction, the hydroxyl [pic] Dry-spinning process. groups (-OH) on the macroglycols react with the isocyanates. Each molecule gets added on to the end of another molecule, and a long chain polymer is formed. This is known as a step-growth or addition polymerization. To initiate this reaction, a catalyst such as diazobicyclo[2. 2. 2]octane must be used. Other low molecular weight amines are added to control the molecular weight of the fibers. Spandex fibers are vulnerable to damage from a variety of sources including heat, light atmospheric contaminants, and chlorine.For this reason, stabilizers are added to protect the fibers. Antioxidants are one type of stabilizer. Various antioxidants are added to the fibers, including monomeric and polymeric hindered phenols. To protect against light degradation, ultraviolet (UV) screeners such as hydroxybenzotriazoles are added. Compounds which inhibit fiber discoloration caused by atmospheric pollutants are another type of stabilizer added. These are typically compounds with tertiary amine functionality, which can interact with the oxides of nitrogen in air pollution.Since spandex is often used for swimwear, antimildew [pic] Wet-spinning process. additives must also be added. All of the stabilizers that are added to the spandex fibers are designed to be resistant to solvent exposure since this could have a damaging effect on the fiber. When they are first produced, spandex fibers are white. Therefore, colorants are added to improve their aesthetic appearance. Dispersed and acid dyes are typically used. If the spandex fibers are interwoven with other fibers such as nylon or polyester, special dying methods are required. How to cite History of Spandex, Papers

Comparison Contrast Essay free essay sample

Christianity and Confucianism are two religions. Although they are not the same in the aspect of their gods, popularity level and roots, they do have similarities, such as their name, derivation and age. The names Christianity and Confucianism both start with a C. However, we can dive deeper into that. Christianity, the name, was born out of the word Christ, part of the name / title Jesus Christ, an important figure to Christianity and its beginning. According to the religion, Jesus was a real person who was a messenger from God. Confucianism has Confucious in it. Confucious was also a real man (philosopher) that had created Confucianism. Both of these religions are not very modern. Some religions, such as Baha’i or Caodaism, came from the 19th and 20th centuries. Christianity and Confucianism, on the other hand, were created around the time of 500 BCE and 33 CE, respectively. Although there is an approximate 500 year gap between their creation dates, Christianity and Confucianism are both old religions. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Contrast Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, Christianity and Confucianism are both monotheistic religions. In Christianity, followers believe in God, a figure who oversaw everything. Confucianists believe in Ti’en, or heaven. On the contrary, Christianity and Confucianism have their differences, too. Christianity is a religion followed in many parts of the world, including North America, Europe and Asia. Confucianism, though, is mostly used in Asia, or Oriental Asia to be more specific (China, Vietnam, etc). Catholicism has been widely spread, and it has, evidently, been done successfully. Confucianism has remained practised in the same region, and minimally practised outside of Asia. Furthermore, Christianity is the most widely-followed religion in the world, with over 2 billion followers, whereas Confucianism has around 6. 2 million. The difference is huge, with around 325 times more Christians than Confucianists. Another contrast between Christianity and Confucianism is their roots. Even though they were both old religions, as mentioned before, the countries that they were created in were different. Christianity was founded in Israel, more specifically Bethlehem, the birthplace of Jesus (just south of Jerusalem). Confucianism was founded in China by Confucious, who resided in the province of Lu in China. Despite having different gods, numbers of followers and roots, Christianity and Confucianism are similar in their name, derivation and age. They are both interesting religions, and although they do not have the same number of religionists, Christianity and Confucianism are important parts of many people’s lives.

Informative Speech on How to Dress free essay sample

A Professional Outlook I Date: February 8, Manama: Rehearsed M. Has Thesis: Appropriate dressing In a professional setting can determine the attitude an employer may develop when first meeting you. As you can see, I have two people standing here In both business attire, and formal wear. Youre probably thinking to yourself why are they dressed so differently? As people, it takes the average person seven seconds to judge an individual based off their appearance.Most times, we are constantly placed in setting were we are judged based off look, age, gender or race. When you meet someone face-to-face, 93% of how you are judged is based on non-verbal data your appearance and your body language. Appearance alone wont lead to success, but it plays a major contributing role. Appropriate dressing in a professional setting can determine the attitude an employer may develop when they first meet you. For two years now, Vive watch how a certain appearance can grab the attention of a person, especially in a business environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Informative Speech on How to Dress or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Following the tip I will soon share has better prepared me for what to expect in the business world. In this speech, I will explain: * the importance of first impressions * Why you should dress for success * Ways you can properly dress in a work environment First I will explain the importance of first impressions. In todays society its hard to find jobs, especially in our age range. We tend to forget that people we least expect are watching our every moves the most. Sounds scary, in fact it is! When meeting someone important we feel that our personality can overpower anything, and thats where we as young adults go wrong.How you appear can either Intimidate a person, or make a person feel welcomed. First Impressions are very Important because Its like you are selling yourself to reassure an employer that you can uphold the professional appearance, and two you are able to meet the qualifications the company has set. A bad first Impression can basically ruin your chances of being successful In that establishment. Remember you never get a second chance to make a first Impressions, so why not leave them with something great! Next I will talk to you about why it is important to dress for success.There is an old phrase that states a person should dress for success. There is a very good likelihood that you have eared it. Many individuals are urged to dress for success by their college professors, their parents, as well as their supervisors. Although its nice to hear that you should those benefits is that you have the ability to improve your professionalism, both inside and outside of work. Dressing for success is often associated with professional clothes. Another one of the many important benefits to dressing for success is the ability to gain self-confidence and self-esteem. These are both important to your health and wellbeing.It is a known fact that those who look good often feel good bout themselves. This extra confidence is important when looking to dress for success, especially in instances where you may be attending a Job interview or an important business meeting. In certain instances, such as these, this increased self- confidence can help you make a good impression. Dressing for success indicates to others that you care about your perceived demeanor, that you care about your Job and being professional at it, and that you have the drive, determination, and the right attitude for moving forward with confidence according to (www. ealthylifestyleplus. Com). Now you know why it is important to dress for success, now I will explain ways you can dress properly dress in the work place. Dressing for the workplace can take some practice; however, first and foremost, no matter what you wear, your clothes should be neat and clean. Keep your shoes in good condition, your hair should be neatly styled, for women: makeup should be subtle. Nails should be clean and neat and of reasonable length. Dress for the Job you want. If you aspire to be a manager, dress like managers in your company do.Examples of what to wear in a professional environment, suit and tie or button down/ water and khakis with dress shoes, for men and a nice conservative blouse for women with a knee length skirt or slacks, or a nice knee length dress accompanied with low heels or flats. Jewelry, cologne and perfume should be in good taste, with limited visible body piercing. Remember, that some employees are allergic to the chemicals in perfumes and colognes so wear these substances with restraint. Hats are not appropriate in the office. Head Covers that are required for religious purposes or to honor cultural tradition are allowed according to (wry. Narcissuses. About. Com). Now you know how to dress properly in the work place. Appropriate dressing in a professional setting can determine the attitude an employer may develop when they first meet you. In my speech I have informed you on the importance of first impressions, why you should dress for success, ways you can properly dress in a work environment. Now when whatever the occasion may be, interview, formal speech, or at work you know how to dress, while feel confident, professional, and most importantly comfortable. I hope that you see the importance.

America, Becoming A Country Through Invasions essays

America, Becoming A Country Through Invasions essays America, Becoming A Country Through Invasion Warpaths by Ian K. Steele, is the book I chose to read for my book report. Warpaths discusses the invasions of North America and the struggles that went on so that Europeans could gain control of the New Land. The book is broken into three main sections; Bases for Invasion, 1565-1684,Colonies and Tribes, 1687-1748, and finally Empires, Colonies, and Tribes, 1784-1765. In the course of my essay I will go through and discuss the strengths and weaknesses in each section. I will talk about the use of maps, illustrations and the references notes that are used through out the text. Ian K. Steele has the main objective in this book of creating a new image of how America was created. Steele takes an Ethno historic and military, perspective on the invasions of America. He presents a new and radical view of how things took place and the reasoning behind the events that took place. The lay out of the book is similar to that of a common textbook, which creates a strong structurally persuasive b ook. The multitude of sources used by Steele forms a feeling of security in the readers mind, as to the authenticity of his argument. Before even getting into Part 1 of the book, Steele, has a chapter on Arms in Arcadia, this chapter talks about the beginning of it all, he touches on Columbus, Cabot, and Cortezs roles in the new world. Also talking about the Countries that gave power to these mere men. Steele successfully creates and idea of what life was like for the early inhabitants of North America. Showing pictures of the distribution of tribes in and around the Florida area of America, and describing life styles, he creates an understanding for his readers. As Steele begins in Part 1, he speaks of the lifestyles that the Europeans have made for themselves in America by 1565. Clearly explaining the incorporation of natives styles o...

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 145

Summary - Essay Example In order to convince the opposers, Nomani presented her own life examples and stated that many Muslim women experienced loneliness and suffering in marriage. Mohammad Habash also adhered to the idea of Muslim women’s freedom of choice and claimed women should be only led, advised, and guided but not told what to do. Overall, both Nomani and Habash based their opinions not on the ground of religion; they rather addressed the concept of freedom. It is possible to say that the speakers’ position be well-grounded; despite this one could see that their stance was defensive. Yasit Qadhi, in his turn, opposed to what the proponents of such freedom stated and claimed that if a Muslim did not want to follow Words of Allah and the law, he / she should not be regarded as a Muslim at all because of the initial meaning of this word and the essence of the religion as well. In other words, Qadhi discussed the question not only from the religious point of view but from the perspective of the law. Thuraya Arrayed dealt with the question from the point of view of psychology and from the height of her life experience. Particularly, she said that as young people are not wise enough they should be controlled. These two panelists had educated and religious stance and looked more confident than Nomani and Habash. The audience took an active part in the discussion as well and asked challenging and suitable questions. As can be seen, the issue was left unresolved and every party remained on the same mind. Even though the panelists adhered to opposing views, the note was quite friendly. The opposers to the idea of freedom were more convincing. Despite this, the audience vote for women’s right to choose a husband, which was not a wise decision because the discussed issue was of a religious

How can I come professional in safety major Essay

How can I come professional in safety major - Essay Example Due to time and geographic constraints, not all students can enroll for on-campus programs. In this regard, some colleges and universities conduct their coursework on line. It is also possible for one to be a safety professional by taking a certificate course in occupational safety. A certificate program in most cases lasts for few months. Within that period, practitioners are prepared to undertake national certification exams for example the Board of Certified Safety Professionals. Even though a certificate in safety is limited in terms of courses, it gives basic safety skills such as regulations, prevention of accidents, safety policies among others (Jeroen et al 17). An individual who want to be a safety personnel can also undertake an associate degree in occupational safety. This course gives imperative training that prepares students to enter well paying job. Being focused at developing students on communication skills, handling safety equipments and detection of hazards, associ ate degree in occupational safety prepares the graduates to work as junior safety practitioners or pre-service. By working for some time in any of these posts, an individual is able to acquire relevant skills that make him or her to be promoted to senior position in the safety department. Taking a minimum of 65 credit hours, associate degree in occupational safety takes a minimum of 2 years to complete.An individual who aims at attaining appropriate qualification in safety should undertake a Bachelor of Science in Occupational Safety. Key aspects that are covered by this program includes fundamental course in safety, upper-division specialists and an internship at the end of training. As compared to an associate degree, coursework undertaken by students in Bachelor degree is usually extensive and more involving. Consequently, individuals with a bachelor’s degree in occupational safety have extensive knowledge that exposes them to more job opportunities. Being a course that is offered by majority of universities in the world, Bachelors degree in safety provides relevant skills to individuals. Some of the major areas that are covered by bachelor's degrees in occupational safety includes writing skills, health and social theory, oral presentations, management and leadership skills among others. Employees or individuals who are focused at improving their skills in safety but have no access to on-campus program can take online Bachelor’s degrees in occupational safety. It is vital to note that based on their flexibility, on line courses have turned to be major opportunity that employees can take to improve their safety skills thus becoming eligible for promotion (Charles and Mortimer 36)

The Use Of Market Research Marketing Essay

The Use Of Market Research Marketing Essay Introduction The use of market research is essential to marketers as it is a descriptive and diagnostic tool that allows marketers to understand the complexities of the market. It forms a very important component of market strategy and solving specific market problems. The use of both quantitative and qualitative research methods results in decisions that can take the form of marketing plans and strategies. These results ultimately influence the outcomes of strategic marketing decisions and outcomes that match the marketing goals. The application of these two research methods have different uses as quantitative research methods focuses on statistical data and in which surveys and questionnaires are commonly used. Qualitative research methods focus on the reasons behind behaviours such as why and look to target the attitudes and emotions behind the behaviours that quantitative research often shows ,with focus groups and interviews often being used. The results from these methods are often linked t o the practical use of research methods as results can vary depending on the size, quality, type of method and the skill of the practitioner. The roles of these two research methods and their practical application in finding valid results in market research will be supported below through journal articles and references, which will further show the importance that the effective use of market research methods in various situations is essential in finding valid results that are fundamentally important to marketers today. Overview of research methods and their uses Traditional methods of market research often focused on quantitative results and practices, which although were adequate in finding valid research results, could not adapt well to the changing market and business environments during the 1950s and 60s and in turbulent market situations at the time. It was clear that research methods needed to be improved and as noted in Wilson (1952), The application of qualitative methods would allow a more informed opinion to be gathered on the market, which would be well suited to the changing market situations at the time. Despite the value that qualitative research can bring, there is still a general trend in the dominance of Quantitative methods used by marketers and even in academia where qualitative methods are seen by some with ambivalence and a field with which successful people do not want to be associated with. Ruyter Scholl (1998). Due to this prevailing dominance among marketers, most market research carried out by contemporary organisa tions usually is a triangulation or combination of primarily quantitative techniques with some secondary qualitative methods to complement the research results. Ruyter Scholl (1998). Qualitative methods are best used when conducting exploratory research, when businesses need to understand the behaviour of consumers and formulate ideas and theories as to why consumers think in particular ways. To substantiate qualitative results, Quantitative techniques are used to provide hard evidence behind these ideas and theories and to represent numerically and statistically the resulting research outcomes. Not all marketers however triangulate these techniques and most will only use a methodology which is most appropriate in solving the research problem. Effectiveness in finding valid research results While both these methods have uses in finding valid research results, the variation in defining the research problems throughout various organisations means that the most appropriate methodology and research design should be used to ensure valid results , rather than results that would lack meaning through a bias in using a particular research method. As pointed out in Seymour (1989) , research techniques and their thoughtful application can be the vehicle by which we progress to wisdom. That is, the real worth of a technique is embedded in its ability to produce useful information (i.e., wisdom) in response to a specific problem. Seymour (1989). To ensure that results from market research is valid , a triangulation of methods and techniques should be considered and applied to the research of relevant markets and situations which would ensure results that are both valid, and paint a clear picture of the market environment. This triangulation of methods successful use in finding valid results is seen in Kitchell (1995) where the study conducted attempted to find the links between the importance of a strong corporate culture and the adoption of new technology in conjunction with the issues faced with maintaining a competitive position. This was undertaken with both quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Both methods results were broadly consistent with each other in finding that fostering a stronger corporate culture allowed a more stable innovation and technology adoption which led to long term survival and adaption in market environments. This study has shown insights into how both qualitative and quantitative data can mutually enrich each other in market research as this triangulation of methods allowed valid research outcomes that would not have been seen if only one research method was primarily utilized. The results seen in this study correlate with those undertaken by Deshpande (1983) which explains that more valid results can be seen in market research with a combination of aspects between quantitative and qualitative methodologies. While using a triangulation of methods, the weaknesses and strengths of each technique would be compensated by the strengths of the other method. Deshpande (1983). Although using a triangulation of methods can typically produce valid and meaningful research results, extensive use of these techniques can be limited to firms with considerable budgets than most. To ensure effective results, defining the research problem and identifying the circumstances to which further research is needed is just as important as choosing the most effective methods suited towards the market environment. Outlined in Goodman (1995), the use of Qualitative techniques can be well suited to theory construction and exploratory market research, which can be seen in his subsequent study of small businesses in a changing market environment. In a study of three small businesses facing changing market conditions and extreme price erosion, qualitative research techniques were largely employed to determine achievable market strategies. It found that the exploratory nature of their research conducted through focus groups and depth interviews, allowed them to anticipate changes in customer-value perceptions and benchmark themselves against competitors. This successful use of qualitative techniques in this study shows that this methodological approach was particularly well suited towards finding and generating theories in a changing market environment, which was noted above in early qualitative research literature in Wilson (1952). In finding valid results through various methods, it is clear that marketers must not confine themselves through techniques that are only partially appropriate in solving the research problem. The studies noted above successfully found valid results as a result of their methodologies being used effectively due to the nature of the research problem and their applicability in these situations. However as noted in Cahill (1996) , both qualitative and quantitative methods do not have universal applicability and as such, either method might not be suitable for a variety of situations. This means that marketers who entirely use methods of theory verification (quantitative methods) almost exclusively in situations where theory discovery (qualitative methods) was more appropriate, Deshpande(1983), are limiting the validity and reliability of their results by not applying the most appropriate method in solving the research problem .An effective use of market research techniques would be by triangulating aspects of research methodologies and also the choice of a specific technique on whether a quantitative or qualitative method should be decided by the nature of the management and research problems. Seymour (1989).This would eventuate in valid and meaningful results that serve to help the marketer understand the needs of the consumer and market. Limitations of Research methods While both quantitative and qualitative methods have their established uses among marketers, the limitations of each method in finding valid results can be reflected in the essence of these methods. As the quantitative paradigm is firmly placed within the scientific model, the resulting research outcomes are limited to numerical data that can be quantified and summarized into objective hard data. Results gathered by this particular method emphasise reliability and validity, which makes this a dominant method that marketers commonly use throughout the research process. Because of these factors that make up the essence of quantitative research, the use of this method in finding valid research results is limited to validating established theories and the relationships between variables, but also can substantiate qualitative results through a triangulated methodology. Results accumulated from quantitative research are not suited towards theory generation and gaining insight and as such, marketers solely employing this method will miss out on the value that qualitative methods can bring. However, when involved in research that does not need as much insights or deeper data into defining the research problem, quantitative methods can be effective in analysing large amounts of data as outlined in Montgomery (2001). A successful application of quantitative methods was seen when solving internet marketing problems outlined in this study; however the skill of the practitioner in conducting the research was commonly cited as the factor that allowed valid research outcomes. While this study demonstrated a successful primary use of quantitative methods, the limitations of using qualitative methods in defining the same research problem would not be practical as analysing large swathes of data is not an effective use of qualitative methods. This contrast between both quantitative and qualitative methods, reflect the limitations of solely using one of these methods as the natur e of the results produced from each will be fundamentally different. As discussed in Johansson Nonaka(1987), many Japanese market researchers during the 1980s much preferred research that was hands-on and interactive with consumers , and favoured qualitative data which allowed them to gain a distinctive feel for the market. While these qualitative methods lacked the scientific precision of quantitative methods, Japanese firms still had an unequivocal advantage over western based firms as their exclusively qualitative and hands-on methods allowed them to understand consumer behaviour to the point where they were outstripping rival western based firms. However like most western firms looking to increasingly adopt qualitative methods into their research, the Japanese firms are realising that in order to diversify their product ranges in the market they will need to use quantitative methods to ensure entries into newer markets. Johansson Nonaka (1987). This focus on one methodological approach by the Japanese firms, coupled with their extreme focus on their existing products, can represent limitations into finding valid results as their narrow approach would disallow much confirming or validation of theories attained from their qualitative research, especially when entering new markets. Despite these limitations, it can be argued that the Japanese approach to market research allowed them to understand consumer behaviour in such a way that they were able to achieve valid research results even more reliable than western based quantitative methodologies. The limitations of both methods in finding valid results for marketers, has clearly shown that to overcome the relative weaknesses inherent in each method, an effective use of triangulated research methodologies is essential to finding valid research results. Conclusions As evidenced above, valid results in marketing are commonly seen with a triangulation of methodologies and techniques which pertain to the nature of the research problem. The limitations of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies can be compensated by using a triangulated research process, in which the weakness that is evident in each method will be overcome by the strengths of a triangulated methodology. However, marketers dominant use of quantitative methods in their research to which can be only partially appropriate in solving a research problem, serve to limit the reliability for research results that could otherwise be improved through a triangulated methodology. Likewise, it can be said that the dominant use of qualitative methods by Japanese firms could be further enhanced by the integration of quantitative methods into their research which serves to ease the entry into newer markets. The market environment and the nature of the research problem can also affect resear ch outcomes as the method employed can only be somewhat applicable to the nature of the research problem, in which inadequate results may be seen. Furthermore, it is evident that to ensure valid results in market research, it is recommended that a triangulation of methods be used in the most applicable nature of the research problem and environment.

Capture and storage of co2

What Needs To Be Done?IntroductionIncreasing concentrations of C dioxide ( CO2 ) and other gases in the Earth ‘s ambiance are worsening the natural nursery gas consequence and taking to unwanted clime alteration, with attendant hazards of extreme eather, lifting sea degree and inauspicious effects on agribusiness and biodiversity. The chief beginning of CO2 emanations is the burning of coal, oil and gas in power Stationss, for transit and in places, offices and industry. Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have risen by about one-third since preindustrial times and are expected about to duplicate between now and 2100. Under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) , developed states have agreed to cut down their emanations by 5.2 % below 1990 degrees by 2008-2012. If they wish to brace CO2 concentrations at twice pre-industrial degrees by the terminal of this century, the developed states will hold to cut down their emanations to around half of their 1990 degrees, or even lower. Such deep cuts would necessitate a combination of greatly reduced energy ingestion, monolithic shift from high-carbon fuels ( coal to natural gas ) , widespread usage of renewable or atomic energy, and sweetening of natural â€Å"sinks† for CO2, such as new forest growing. However, elaborate surveies of well-proven engineerings indicate that capturing and for good hive awaying CO2 emanations from fossil fuel-fired power workss could be a low-priced option for accomplishing big decreases in CO2 emanations. Successful application of these engineerings would let states to prosecute a scheme providing:really big and comparatively rapid decrease in CO2 emanations ;continued usage of fossil fuels or a less rapid alteration to non-fossil energy beginnings.Capturing Emissions Of Co2Co2 Capture In Power GenerationCapture and storage engineerings are best suited to large-scale beginnings of CO2 such as power Stationss, which account for about tierce of planetary CO2 emanations. The two chief engineerings for power coevals are natural gas combined rhythms ( NGCC ) , and pulverised coal-burning ( PF ) steam rhythms. Other big fossil power works constellations, such as incorporate coal gasification combined rhythms ( IGCC ) , are besides suited for CO2 gaining control.Post-Combustion CO2 CaptureConcentrations of CO2 in power station flue-gases range from around 4 % by volume for NGCC workss to 9 % for IGCC workss and 14 % for PF workss. CO2 could be captured utilizing amine dissolvers to scour the flue-gases. Amine dissolvers have already been widely used in the chemical and oil industry for CO2 gaining control, and this technique can be adapted for application on flue-gas watercourses. The aminoalkane go forthing the scrubber is heated to let go of high-purity CO2 and is so re-used. Although amine scouring is comparatively straightforward in NGCC workss, extra steps are required in coal-burning workss to forestall taint of the recovered CO2 by other flue-gas drosss. Post-combustion gaining control does hold its disadvantages. The low concentration of CO2 in power- station flue-gases means that a really big volume of flue-gas has to be treated. Equipment is correspondingly big and capital costs are high. If the gaining control engineering is based on a dissolver, such as aminoalkane, big sums of energy are required for solvent regeneration. Using concentrated O alternatively of air for burning will increase CO2 concentrations in the flue-gas to, typically, more than 90 % . However, bring forthing the O requires expensive equipment and, once more, high degrees of energy ingestion.Pre-Combustion CO2 CaptureA pre-combustion gaining control engineering, bring forthing a CO2 concentration of 35 % to 40 % , can avoid many of these jobs. Pre-combustion CO2 gaining control involves responding the fuel with O or air and, in some instances, steam, to bring forth a gas dwelling chiefly of C monoxide ( CO ) and H. A catalytic â€Å"shift† reaction with steam in a catalytic reactor ( switch convertor ) gives CO2 and more H. The CO2 is removed and the H passes to a gas turbine, or perchance a fuel cell. This technique needs more gas-purification phases when applied to char or oil, instead than natural gas. Most of the engineering required is good proven in ammonia production and other industrial procedures. However, the usage of H as a turbine fuel is fresh. At least two turbine makers are seeking to set up standards for the burning of hydrogen-rich fuels.Performance Of Known CO2 Capture TechnologiesA survey by the International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gases R & A ; D Programme has estimated the following benefits and disadvantages for a new 500 MW gas- or coal-burning works integrating CO2 gaining control, with CO2 compaction to 110 saloon:an 80 % decrease in CO2 emanations to the ambiance ;a decrease in electrical coevals efficiency of between 8 and 13 per centum points ;an addition in capital costs of between 50 % and 100 % ;an addition in the cost of electricity coevals of approximately 50 % in gas-firedworkss and IGCC workss with pre-combustion gaining control, and about 70 % in PFworkss with post-combustion gaining control.Other Opportunities For CO2 CaptureCertain industrial procedures, every bit good as oil and gas production Wellss, already produce concentrated watercourses of CO2. These could be captured at small cost. Hydrogen might go established as a major fuel for autos, airplanes and heat and power coevals. Centralised, large-scale production of H from fossil fuels would be well-suited to pre-combustion gaining control of CO2 emanations.Co2 TransportationAfter gaining control, transit of CO2 to a long-run storage site would be by hard-hitting grapevine or by oiler. CO2 is mostly inert and easy handled and is already transported in big measures. In add-on, there are likely to be chances for power production to take topographic point at such long-run storage sites as coal beds and oil and gas reservoirs. Locating determinations will necessitate to take history of the fact that it is cheaper to shriek CO2 than to convey electricity.Co2 StoragePotential Storage OptionsCarbon dioxide storage will be an effectual manner of avoiding clime alteration merely if the CO2 can be stored for several 100s or 1000s of old ages. The four most promising storage options are: oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline reservoirs, unminable coal beds, and the deep ocean. By comparing, other options are improbable to be economically competitory. These include storage in specially created belowground caverns, in a thermally insulated depository as solid dry ice or in carbonate signifier as a consequence of reaction with of course happening minerals.Oil And Gas ReservoirsThousands of oil and gas reservoirs have been depleted to the extent that, given bing extraction techniques and current fuel monetary values, they are no longer feasible. The geology of these reservoirs is good understood. They are known to hold stored liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons for 1000000s of old ages and their existing substructure might be suited for CO2 storage. The natural-gas industry has routinely used depleted natural gas Fieldss for the belowground storage of natural gas. It is besides possible to utilize CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery ( EOR ) in active, bring forthing oil and gas reservoirs, alternatively of bing energy-intensive EOR techniques ( Figure 2 ) . In some instances, the benefits would more than offset the costs of CO2 gaining control and injection.Deep Saline ReservoirsDeep aquifers that contain merely saline H2O and have a comparatively impermeable cap stone could be used to hive away CO2. In some formations, the CO2 would respond with minerals in the H2O to organize carbonates, thereby going locked up for good. Injection techniques would be similar to those used for low oil and gas Fieldss. In the Norse Sleipner undertaking, CO2 is being separated from a natural gas watercourse and injected into a deep saline reservoir below the North Sea. The undertaking is being monitored and modelled as portion of an international enterprise established by Statoil, the Norse province oil company, with the IEA Greenhouse Gas R & A ; D Programme. This should assist to decide many of the uncertainnesss associated with storage in deep saline reservoirs. Unminable Coal Beds When CO2 is injected into unminable ( really deep ) coal beds, the CO2 is adsorbed onto the surface of the coal and displaces methane. The CO2 is locked up for good, provided the coal remains unmined. Because coal can adsorb, by volume, approximately twice every bit much CO2 as methane, the coal bed provides net CO2 storage, even if the displaced methane is burnt as a fuel. The IEA Greenhouse Gas R & A ; D Programme is assisting in a field trial of such enhanced coal-bed methane production, utilizing CO2 and nitrogen mixtures. Deep Ocean Injecting CO2 into the deep ocean is a longer-term option that would take advantage of the really slow natural interchange between the deep ocean and its surface beds. Computer theoretical accounts suggest that approximately 80 % of the CO2 injected at a deepness of 3,000 metres would still be retained in the ocean after 500 old ages. CO2 injected deeper than 3,000 metres at the ocean floor, would organize a lake of liquid CO2 or CO2 hydrate. This might farther widen keeping periods. Surveies are under manner to turn to the significant scientific uncertainness about the storage unity and environmental impact of ocean storage. Among these are the Climate Technology Initiative ( CTI ) Ocean Sequestration Project. Environmental Deductions And Uncertainties There are a figure of environmental impacts and uncertainities that need farther survey: the length of clip the CO2 must stay stored in order to extenuate clime alteration hazards ;The consequence of slow or sudden release of CO2 on atmospheric CO2Concentrations ;The consequence of boring on the unity of depleted oil and gas field caps ;Likely reactions between CO2 and belowground minerals, and their possibleImpact on CO2 segregation periods and on the unity of oil and gas fieldCaps ;The nature of deep saline reservoirs and their impact on CO2 storage overTime ;The possible impact of seismal activity ;The impact on marine life of deep ocean storage of CO2 and of natural CO2Absorption from the ambiance.ConfirmationAccurate confirmation of the measures stored is indispensable if CO2 storage is to be used as a footing for emanations trading or to run into national committednesss to CO2 decrease. Accurate, low-priced measuring techniques already exist for storage of CO2 in depleted oil and gas Fieldss and deep saline reservoirs. Validation of ocean storage is likely to be more hard and dearly-won, and appropriate techniques have yet to be developed.Co2 Capture And Storage CostssThe IEA Greenhouse Gases R & A ; D Programme has estimated the costs of CO2 gaining control and storage for a scope of coal- and gas- discharged power workss, utilizing pre- and post-combustion gaining control techniques. The overall cost of CO2 gaining control and storage is about $ 40 to $ 60 per metric ton of CO2 emanations avoided. This compares favorably with other options, such as the widespread usage of renewable energy beginnings. The cost has three chief constituents:CO2 gaining control and compaction to 110 saloon: $ 30 to $ 50 per metric ton of CO2 for a 500 MW gas- or coal-burning works at current fuel monetary values ;transit by grapevine: $ 1 to $ 3 per metric ton of CO2 per 100 kilometer ;storage: $ 1 to $ 3 per metric ton of CO2.These costs are expected to fall as the engineering matures and the graduated table of appl ication addition. The cost of CO2 gaining control and storage corresponds about to an addition in the monetary value of electricity of 1.5 – 3 US cents per kilowatt hr. For comparing, in 1998, domestic electricity users in the OECD paid between 7 and 14 cents per kilowatt hr. Industrial users paid 4 – 9 cents.Key Technology NeedsTechnology research and development, presentation undertakings and appraisals of the potency for CO2 gaining control and storage are taking topographic point in many states. Key engineering demands are:accurate appraisal of geologic storage potency ;field trials to find the destiny of CO2 injected into geologic formations ( oil and gas reservoirs, unminable coal beds and saline aquifers ) , and the deepocean, and its environmental impact ;cost decrease of bing CO2 separation techniques ;R & A ; D on fresh gaining control and storage engineerings ;development of engineerings for the production, transit and usage of H derived from fossil fuels.Re commendations For Policy MakersTo guarantee that the CO2 gaining control and storage engineering option is available in the coming decennaries, a major attempt is justified:Existing attempts need to be linked together ;new technological thoughts and attacks to co2 gaining control and storage should be smartly pursued ;issues of storage unity and environmental impacts should be resolved quickly, through unfastened, crystalline research programmes ;the surveies, R & A ; vitamin D and engineering presentations outlined supra demand to be comprehensively addressed ;this can be achieved most quickly, and efficaciously, through the fullest possible international and public-private coaction ;given its strategic importance as a potentially large-scale and low-cost extenuation engineering, the attending given to co2 gaining control and storage should at least be equal to that given to other major extenuation options, such asBiomass, solar, atomic engineerings.Successful declaration of these issues should take to recognition within the UNFCCC procedure of CO2 gaining control and storage as an effectual option for extenuating emanations of CO2.

Attitude Towards Women Essay

One of the most prominent themes in the Canterbury Tales is the attitudes of the pilgrims towards women. There are two distinct sides in the dispute: that women are simply objects of lust that must never be trusted, and that women are highly respectable and loving. The Shipman’s Tale starts off this debate with his depiction of women, which was less than favorable. The woman who is depicted in this tale is the wife of a merchant. She is not treated well by her husband, but certainly is not trustworthy or honorable herself. She sells her body to the best friend of her husband for a measly 100 francs. Her faithfulness to her husband was worth only a few extravagant garments for her to wear. It is her greed for these material goods that drives her into cuckolding her unsuspecting husband. Her worldly desires are more important than her marriage, and in the end she is hardly punished at all. She does manage to keep her husband from finding out, by saying that the Monk was simply repaying his debt and she used the money to buy some clothes. So, she gets away with a crime that would have dealt her a far greater punishment. This outcome, while it certainly wasn’t perfect for the wife, was much less than she deserved (Rossignol). The Prioress steps in with the next tale, and takes a much different view. The Prioress herself is a very humble and well-mannered woman, as she is described in the General Prologue. She is also extremely compassionate towards all of God’s creatures. Her tale is a tribute to the greatest woman of all, the Virgin Mary. While it is a tribute to the Virgin, the focus of the story is more on the little boy and his widowed mother. The mother is greatly distressed at her son’s disappearance, and is eventually led by Jesus himself to the place where her son has been tossed. The idea that Jesus himself was consorting with this woman and answering her prayers makes a strong statement. Jesus certainly would not aid an evil person, so this widow must have been virtuous and humble (Rossignol). And upon her finding of the little boy, the miracle of the Virgin Mary is presented. The boy, who had praised her and loved her throughout his short life, now sang because of the grain placed on his tongue by Mary herself. The story praises a woman who is unmatched in virtue by any mortal man, and shows a widowed mother to be humble and virtuous herself. Certainly a different view than was displayed in the Shipman’s Tale. The tales of Chaucer himself followed the Prioress’ Tale. The first of which, the Tale of Sir Thopas, didn’t take as strong stance on any attitude towards women as did the two tales that preceded it. It did, however, portray women to be objects of lust and affection which could put a man in grave danger. This is what the reader might expect from Chaucer, since he does place himself among some of the other rascals of the group in the General Prologue. The other rascals (the Reeve and Miller especially) had already told stories that depicted women as objects of male desire. Sir Thopas, the knight, left his hometown of Flanders because he had become bored with the local maidens. On his adventure, he dreamt of a beautiful Elf Queen, with whom he fell desperately in lo ve (Ruud). He searched the forest in search of her, and vowed to never stop until her found her. When he met the three-headed giant who stood in his way, he went back home to prepare to fight. He was ready to risk his life to gain the love of the Elf Queen. The Elf Queen in this story is an object of lust and desire, much like the merchant’s wife in the Shipman’s Tale. Since the story is cut short, though, the reader never gets a chance to see what this Queen is really like. All that is seen is that she has captured the heart of this young and noble knight, which has him risking his life in search of her. After Chaucer’s first sorry tale is cut short, he moves on to the Tale of Melibee. In this story some different attitudes towards woman are actually discussed verbally amongst the characters. Melibee talks of how all women are evil and none are good. But, his wife Prudence responds to that by saying that Jesus would never have been born to an evil woman, nor would he have appeared to a woman after his resurrection. So, not all women could be evil. This point is accepted by Melibee, as her point has been clearly made. Also, she points out women who have saved the lives of their husbands and who were truthful to them. As this argument continues, Prudence continues to sway Melibee to accept her argument. She does this with good intentions as well. She does not want her husband to go to war with these enemies of his which certainly could put them all in danger. By the end of the story, she has convinced him so thoroughly that he ignores the advice of his counsel, and follows her advice almost to the letter (Ruud). He does, however, give his enemies a bit of a verbal chiding against her wishes. It is quite possible that he did this simply to maintain himself as the sovereign lord of his estate, and to show Prudence that she has not gained complete mastery over him. This story takes an opposite approach towards women than Chaucer did in the Tale of Sir Thopas. But, since Chaucer does portray himself in the tales as a dunce, it is possible that this character is simply to doltish to make up his mind and take a solid stance on the issue. The Nun’s Priest has the final say in the matter. The Priest is traveling with the Prioress, so before reading this tale one might think that he will be afraid to offend her. This story deals extensively on this issue, and has to main points which reveal the Priest’s attitude towards women. Chauntecleer quotes a Latin phrase that he says means that women are the bliss of men. However, the phrase actually said that women are men’s ruin. So why did Chauntecleer lie to Pertelote when he told her this false translation? Well, quite possibly because he didn’t want to upset her any further, and because he was about to spend the whole morning having sex with her. If he had upset her further, she may have turned him away. Chauntecleer also began to compliment her looks along with changing the meaning of the Latin phrase because he loved her and he wanted to make love to her. So, this is in fact showing that women are the bliss of men, since Chauntecleer is going out of his way to please Pertelote (Scala). By afternoon of the same day, the story takes quite a turn. Pertelote had criticized Chauntecleer for being so cowardly after his dream, and he flew down from his safe perch because of her insults. Because of this, his vision soon came true, and he was captured by the fox. If it had not been for Pertelote berating him because of his cowardice, he would have stayed in his perch in safety. Now, the true meaning of the Latin phrase is also shown as true, as Pertelote has caused the ruin of the great Chauntecleer. There is one substantial difference in this story, however. When Chauntecleer is taken away by the fox, Pertelote shrieks and is quite distressed, as the story emphasizes. She expresses genuine concern for Chauntecleer, unlike the wife in the Shipman’s Tale and Dalilah in the Monk’s Tale. So, the Nun’s Priest’s point on the matter is quite simple. Women are the bliss of men, but, whether intentionally or not, also bring about the ruin of the men they love. Works Cited Rossignol, Rosalyn. â€Å"‘The Shipman’s Tale’.† Critical Companion to Chaucer: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007.Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. Rossignol, Rosalyn. â€Å"‘The Prioress’ Tale’.† Critical Companion to Chaucer: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007.Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. Scala, Elizabeth, and Michelle M. Sauer.†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Nun’s Priest’s Tale’.† In Sauer, Michelle M. The Facts On File Companion to British Poetry before 1600. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. Ruud, Jay. â€Å"‘The Tale of Sir Thopas’.† Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web.