The Use Of Market Research Marketing Essay

The Use Of Market Research Marketing Essay Introduction The use of market research is essential to marketers as it is a descriptive and diagnostic tool that allows marketers to understand the complexities of the market. It forms a very important component of market strategy and solving specific market problems. The use of both quantitative and qualitative research methods results in decisions that can take the form of marketing plans and strategies. These results ultimately influence the outcomes of strategic marketing decisions and outcomes that match the marketing goals. The application of these two research methods have different uses as quantitative research methods focuses on statistical data and in which surveys and questionnaires are commonly used. Qualitative research methods focus on the reasons behind behaviours such as why and look to target the attitudes and emotions behind the behaviours that quantitative research often shows ,with focus groups and interviews often being used. The results from these methods are often linked t o the practical use of research methods as results can vary depending on the size, quality, type of method and the skill of the practitioner. The roles of these two research methods and their practical application in finding valid results in market research will be supported below through journal articles and references, which will further show the importance that the effective use of market research methods in various situations is essential in finding valid results that are fundamentally important to marketers today. Overview of research methods and their uses Traditional methods of market research often focused on quantitative results and practices, which although were adequate in finding valid research results, could not adapt well to the changing market and business environments during the 1950s and 60s and in turbulent market situations at the time. It was clear that research methods needed to be improved and as noted in Wilson (1952), The application of qualitative methods would allow a more informed opinion to be gathered on the market, which would be well suited to the changing market situations at the time. Despite the value that qualitative research can bring, there is still a general trend in the dominance of Quantitative methods used by marketers and even in academia where qualitative methods are seen by some with ambivalence and a field with which successful people do not want to be associated with. Ruyter Scholl (1998). Due to this prevailing dominance among marketers, most market research carried out by contemporary organisa tions usually is a triangulation or combination of primarily quantitative techniques with some secondary qualitative methods to complement the research results. Ruyter Scholl (1998). Qualitative methods are best used when conducting exploratory research, when businesses need to understand the behaviour of consumers and formulate ideas and theories as to why consumers think in particular ways. To substantiate qualitative results, Quantitative techniques are used to provide hard evidence behind these ideas and theories and to represent numerically and statistically the resulting research outcomes. Not all marketers however triangulate these techniques and most will only use a methodology which is most appropriate in solving the research problem. Effectiveness in finding valid research results While both these methods have uses in finding valid research results, the variation in defining the research problems throughout various organisations means that the most appropriate methodology and research design should be used to ensure valid results , rather than results that would lack meaning through a bias in using a particular research method. As pointed out in Seymour (1989) , research techniques and their thoughtful application can be the vehicle by which we progress to wisdom. That is, the real worth of a technique is embedded in its ability to produce useful information (i.e., wisdom) in response to a specific problem. Seymour (1989). To ensure that results from market research is valid , a triangulation of methods and techniques should be considered and applied to the research of relevant markets and situations which would ensure results that are both valid, and paint a clear picture of the market environment. This triangulation of methods successful use in finding valid results is seen in Kitchell (1995) where the study conducted attempted to find the links between the importance of a strong corporate culture and the adoption of new technology in conjunction with the issues faced with maintaining a competitive position. This was undertaken with both quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Both methods results were broadly consistent with each other in finding that fostering a stronger corporate culture allowed a more stable innovation and technology adoption which led to long term survival and adaption in market environments. This study has shown insights into how both qualitative and quantitative data can mutually enrich each other in market research as this triangulation of methods allowed valid research outcomes that would not have been seen if only one research method was primarily utilized. The results seen in this study correlate with those undertaken by Deshpande (1983) which explains that more valid results can be seen in market research with a combination of aspects between quantitative and qualitative methodologies. While using a triangulation of methods, the weaknesses and strengths of each technique would be compensated by the strengths of the other method. Deshpande (1983). Although using a triangulation of methods can typically produce valid and meaningful research results, extensive use of these techniques can be limited to firms with considerable budgets than most. To ensure effective results, defining the research problem and identifying the circumstances to which further research is needed is just as important as choosing the most effective methods suited towards the market environment. Outlined in Goodman (1995), the use of Qualitative techniques can be well suited to theory construction and exploratory market research, which can be seen in his subsequent study of small businesses in a changing market environment. In a study of three small businesses facing changing market conditions and extreme price erosion, qualitative research techniques were largely employed to determine achievable market strategies. It found that the exploratory nature of their research conducted through focus groups and depth interviews, allowed them to anticipate changes in customer-value perceptions and benchmark themselves against competitors. This successful use of qualitative techniques in this study shows that this methodological approach was particularly well suited towards finding and generating theories in a changing market environment, which was noted above in early qualitative research literature in Wilson (1952). In finding valid results through various methods, it is clear that marketers must not confine themselves through techniques that are only partially appropriate in solving the research problem. The studies noted above successfully found valid results as a result of their methodologies being used effectively due to the nature of the research problem and their applicability in these situations. However as noted in Cahill (1996) , both qualitative and quantitative methods do not have universal applicability and as such, either method might not be suitable for a variety of situations. This means that marketers who entirely use methods of theory verification (quantitative methods) almost exclusively in situations where theory discovery (qualitative methods) was more appropriate, Deshpande(1983), are limiting the validity and reliability of their results by not applying the most appropriate method in solving the research problem .An effective use of market research techniques would be by triangulating aspects of research methodologies and also the choice of a specific technique on whether a quantitative or qualitative method should be decided by the nature of the management and research problems. Seymour (1989).This would eventuate in valid and meaningful results that serve to help the marketer understand the needs of the consumer and market. Limitations of Research methods While both quantitative and qualitative methods have their established uses among marketers, the limitations of each method in finding valid results can be reflected in the essence of these methods. As the quantitative paradigm is firmly placed within the scientific model, the resulting research outcomes are limited to numerical data that can be quantified and summarized into objective hard data. Results gathered by this particular method emphasise reliability and validity, which makes this a dominant method that marketers commonly use throughout the research process. Because of these factors that make up the essence of quantitative research, the use of this method in finding valid research results is limited to validating established theories and the relationships between variables, but also can substantiate qualitative results through a triangulated methodology. Results accumulated from quantitative research are not suited towards theory generation and gaining insight and as such, marketers solely employing this method will miss out on the value that qualitative methods can bring. However, when involved in research that does not need as much insights or deeper data into defining the research problem, quantitative methods can be effective in analysing large amounts of data as outlined in Montgomery (2001). A successful application of quantitative methods was seen when solving internet marketing problems outlined in this study; however the skill of the practitioner in conducting the research was commonly cited as the factor that allowed valid research outcomes. While this study demonstrated a successful primary use of quantitative methods, the limitations of using qualitative methods in defining the same research problem would not be practical as analysing large swathes of data is not an effective use of qualitative methods. This contrast between both quantitative and qualitative methods, reflect the limitations of solely using one of these methods as the natur e of the results produced from each will be fundamentally different. As discussed in Johansson Nonaka(1987), many Japanese market researchers during the 1980s much preferred research that was hands-on and interactive with consumers , and favoured qualitative data which allowed them to gain a distinctive feel for the market. While these qualitative methods lacked the scientific precision of quantitative methods, Japanese firms still had an unequivocal advantage over western based firms as their exclusively qualitative and hands-on methods allowed them to understand consumer behaviour to the point where they were outstripping rival western based firms. However like most western firms looking to increasingly adopt qualitative methods into their research, the Japanese firms are realising that in order to diversify their product ranges in the market they will need to use quantitative methods to ensure entries into newer markets. Johansson Nonaka (1987). This focus on one methodological approach by the Japanese firms, coupled with their extreme focus on their existing products, can represent limitations into finding valid results as their narrow approach would disallow much confirming or validation of theories attained from their qualitative research, especially when entering new markets. Despite these limitations, it can be argued that the Japanese approach to market research allowed them to understand consumer behaviour in such a way that they were able to achieve valid research results even more reliable than western based quantitative methodologies. The limitations of both methods in finding valid results for marketers, has clearly shown that to overcome the relative weaknesses inherent in each method, an effective use of triangulated research methodologies is essential to finding valid research results. Conclusions As evidenced above, valid results in marketing are commonly seen with a triangulation of methodologies and techniques which pertain to the nature of the research problem. The limitations of both quantitative and qualitative methodologies can be compensated by using a triangulated research process, in which the weakness that is evident in each method will be overcome by the strengths of a triangulated methodology. However, marketers dominant use of quantitative methods in their research to which can be only partially appropriate in solving a research problem, serve to limit the reliability for research results that could otherwise be improved through a triangulated methodology. Likewise, it can be said that the dominant use of qualitative methods by Japanese firms could be further enhanced by the integration of quantitative methods into their research which serves to ease the entry into newer markets. The market environment and the nature of the research problem can also affect resear ch outcomes as the method employed can only be somewhat applicable to the nature of the research problem, in which inadequate results may be seen. Furthermore, it is evident that to ensure valid results in market research, it is recommended that a triangulation of methods be used in the most applicable nature of the research problem and environment.

Capture and storage of co2

What Needs To Be Done?IntroductionIncreasing concentrations of C dioxide ( CO2 ) and other gases in the Earth ‘s ambiance are worsening the natural nursery gas consequence and taking to unwanted clime alteration, with attendant hazards of extreme eather, lifting sea degree and inauspicious effects on agribusiness and biodiversity. The chief beginning of CO2 emanations is the burning of coal, oil and gas in power Stationss, for transit and in places, offices and industry. Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have risen by about one-third since preindustrial times and are expected about to duplicate between now and 2100. Under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) , developed states have agreed to cut down their emanations by 5.2 % below 1990 degrees by 2008-2012. If they wish to brace CO2 concentrations at twice pre-industrial degrees by the terminal of this century, the developed states will hold to cut down their emanations to around half of their 1990 degrees, or even lower. Such deep cuts would necessitate a combination of greatly reduced energy ingestion, monolithic shift from high-carbon fuels ( coal to natural gas ) , widespread usage of renewable or atomic energy, and sweetening of natural â€Å"sinks† for CO2, such as new forest growing. However, elaborate surveies of well-proven engineerings indicate that capturing and for good hive awaying CO2 emanations from fossil fuel-fired power workss could be a low-priced option for accomplishing big decreases in CO2 emanations. Successful application of these engineerings would let states to prosecute a scheme providing:really big and comparatively rapid decrease in CO2 emanations ;continued usage of fossil fuels or a less rapid alteration to non-fossil energy beginnings.Capturing Emissions Of Co2Co2 Capture In Power GenerationCapture and storage engineerings are best suited to large-scale beginnings of CO2 such as power Stationss, which account for about tierce of planetary CO2 emanations. The two chief engineerings for power coevals are natural gas combined rhythms ( NGCC ) , and pulverised coal-burning ( PF ) steam rhythms. Other big fossil power works constellations, such as incorporate coal gasification combined rhythms ( IGCC ) , are besides suited for CO2 gaining control.Post-Combustion CO2 CaptureConcentrations of CO2 in power station flue-gases range from around 4 % by volume for NGCC workss to 9 % for IGCC workss and 14 % for PF workss. CO2 could be captured utilizing amine dissolvers to scour the flue-gases. Amine dissolvers have already been widely used in the chemical and oil industry for CO2 gaining control, and this technique can be adapted for application on flue-gas watercourses. The aminoalkane go forthing the scrubber is heated to let go of high-purity CO2 and is so re-used. Although amine scouring is comparatively straightforward in NGCC workss, extra steps are required in coal-burning workss to forestall taint of the recovered CO2 by other flue-gas drosss. Post-combustion gaining control does hold its disadvantages. The low concentration of CO2 in power- station flue-gases means that a really big volume of flue-gas has to be treated. Equipment is correspondingly big and capital costs are high. If the gaining control engineering is based on a dissolver, such as aminoalkane, big sums of energy are required for solvent regeneration. Using concentrated O alternatively of air for burning will increase CO2 concentrations in the flue-gas to, typically, more than 90 % . However, bring forthing the O requires expensive equipment and, once more, high degrees of energy ingestion.Pre-Combustion CO2 CaptureA pre-combustion gaining control engineering, bring forthing a CO2 concentration of 35 % to 40 % , can avoid many of these jobs. Pre-combustion CO2 gaining control involves responding the fuel with O or air and, in some instances, steam, to bring forth a gas dwelling chiefly of C monoxide ( CO ) and H. A catalytic â€Å"shift† reaction with steam in a catalytic reactor ( switch convertor ) gives CO2 and more H. The CO2 is removed and the H passes to a gas turbine, or perchance a fuel cell. This technique needs more gas-purification phases when applied to char or oil, instead than natural gas. Most of the engineering required is good proven in ammonia production and other industrial procedures. However, the usage of H as a turbine fuel is fresh. At least two turbine makers are seeking to set up standards for the burning of hydrogen-rich fuels.Performance Of Known CO2 Capture TechnologiesA survey by the International Energy Agency Greenhouse Gases R & A ; D Programme has estimated the following benefits and disadvantages for a new 500 MW gas- or coal-burning works integrating CO2 gaining control, with CO2 compaction to 110 saloon:an 80 % decrease in CO2 emanations to the ambiance ;a decrease in electrical coevals efficiency of between 8 and 13 per centum points ;an addition in capital costs of between 50 % and 100 % ;an addition in the cost of electricity coevals of approximately 50 % in gas-firedworkss and IGCC workss with pre-combustion gaining control, and about 70 % in PFworkss with post-combustion gaining control.Other Opportunities For CO2 CaptureCertain industrial procedures, every bit good as oil and gas production Wellss, already produce concentrated watercourses of CO2. These could be captured at small cost. Hydrogen might go established as a major fuel for autos, airplanes and heat and power coevals. Centralised, large-scale production of H from fossil fuels would be well-suited to pre-combustion gaining control of CO2 emanations.Co2 TransportationAfter gaining control, transit of CO2 to a long-run storage site would be by hard-hitting grapevine or by oiler. CO2 is mostly inert and easy handled and is already transported in big measures. In add-on, there are likely to be chances for power production to take topographic point at such long-run storage sites as coal beds and oil and gas reservoirs. Locating determinations will necessitate to take history of the fact that it is cheaper to shriek CO2 than to convey electricity.Co2 StoragePotential Storage OptionsCarbon dioxide storage will be an effectual manner of avoiding clime alteration merely if the CO2 can be stored for several 100s or 1000s of old ages. The four most promising storage options are: oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline reservoirs, unminable coal beds, and the deep ocean. By comparing, other options are improbable to be economically competitory. These include storage in specially created belowground caverns, in a thermally insulated depository as solid dry ice or in carbonate signifier as a consequence of reaction with of course happening minerals.Oil And Gas ReservoirsThousands of oil and gas reservoirs have been depleted to the extent that, given bing extraction techniques and current fuel monetary values, they are no longer feasible. The geology of these reservoirs is good understood. They are known to hold stored liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons for 1000000s of old ages and their existing substructure might be suited for CO2 storage. The natural-gas industry has routinely used depleted natural gas Fieldss for the belowground storage of natural gas. It is besides possible to utilize CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery ( EOR ) in active, bring forthing oil and gas reservoirs, alternatively of bing energy-intensive EOR techniques ( Figure 2 ) . In some instances, the benefits would more than offset the costs of CO2 gaining control and injection.Deep Saline ReservoirsDeep aquifers that contain merely saline H2O and have a comparatively impermeable cap stone could be used to hive away CO2. In some formations, the CO2 would respond with minerals in the H2O to organize carbonates, thereby going locked up for good. Injection techniques would be similar to those used for low oil and gas Fieldss. In the Norse Sleipner undertaking, CO2 is being separated from a natural gas watercourse and injected into a deep saline reservoir below the North Sea. The undertaking is being monitored and modelled as portion of an international enterprise established by Statoil, the Norse province oil company, with the IEA Greenhouse Gas R & A ; D Programme. This should assist to decide many of the uncertainnesss associated with storage in deep saline reservoirs. Unminable Coal Beds When CO2 is injected into unminable ( really deep ) coal beds, the CO2 is adsorbed onto the surface of the coal and displaces methane. The CO2 is locked up for good, provided the coal remains unmined. Because coal can adsorb, by volume, approximately twice every bit much CO2 as methane, the coal bed provides net CO2 storage, even if the displaced methane is burnt as a fuel. The IEA Greenhouse Gas R & A ; D Programme is assisting in a field trial of such enhanced coal-bed methane production, utilizing CO2 and nitrogen mixtures. Deep Ocean Injecting CO2 into the deep ocean is a longer-term option that would take advantage of the really slow natural interchange between the deep ocean and its surface beds. Computer theoretical accounts suggest that approximately 80 % of the CO2 injected at a deepness of 3,000 metres would still be retained in the ocean after 500 old ages. CO2 injected deeper than 3,000 metres at the ocean floor, would organize a lake of liquid CO2 or CO2 hydrate. This might farther widen keeping periods. Surveies are under manner to turn to the significant scientific uncertainness about the storage unity and environmental impact of ocean storage. Among these are the Climate Technology Initiative ( CTI ) Ocean Sequestration Project. Environmental Deductions And Uncertainties There are a figure of environmental impacts and uncertainities that need farther survey: the length of clip the CO2 must stay stored in order to extenuate clime alteration hazards ;The consequence of slow or sudden release of CO2 on atmospheric CO2Concentrations ;The consequence of boring on the unity of depleted oil and gas field caps ;Likely reactions between CO2 and belowground minerals, and their possibleImpact on CO2 segregation periods and on the unity of oil and gas fieldCaps ;The nature of deep saline reservoirs and their impact on CO2 storage overTime ;The possible impact of seismal activity ;The impact on marine life of deep ocean storage of CO2 and of natural CO2Absorption from the ambiance.ConfirmationAccurate confirmation of the measures stored is indispensable if CO2 storage is to be used as a footing for emanations trading or to run into national committednesss to CO2 decrease. Accurate, low-priced measuring techniques already exist for storage of CO2 in depleted oil and gas Fieldss and deep saline reservoirs. Validation of ocean storage is likely to be more hard and dearly-won, and appropriate techniques have yet to be developed.Co2 Capture And Storage CostssThe IEA Greenhouse Gases R & A ; D Programme has estimated the costs of CO2 gaining control and storage for a scope of coal- and gas- discharged power workss, utilizing pre- and post-combustion gaining control techniques. The overall cost of CO2 gaining control and storage is about $ 40 to $ 60 per metric ton of CO2 emanations avoided. This compares favorably with other options, such as the widespread usage of renewable energy beginnings. The cost has three chief constituents:CO2 gaining control and compaction to 110 saloon: $ 30 to $ 50 per metric ton of CO2 for a 500 MW gas- or coal-burning works at current fuel monetary values ;transit by grapevine: $ 1 to $ 3 per metric ton of CO2 per 100 kilometer ;storage: $ 1 to $ 3 per metric ton of CO2.These costs are expected to fall as the engineering matures and the graduated table of appl ication addition. The cost of CO2 gaining control and storage corresponds about to an addition in the monetary value of electricity of 1.5 – 3 US cents per kilowatt hr. For comparing, in 1998, domestic electricity users in the OECD paid between 7 and 14 cents per kilowatt hr. Industrial users paid 4 – 9 cents.Key Technology NeedsTechnology research and development, presentation undertakings and appraisals of the potency for CO2 gaining control and storage are taking topographic point in many states. Key engineering demands are:accurate appraisal of geologic storage potency ;field trials to find the destiny of CO2 injected into geologic formations ( oil and gas reservoirs, unminable coal beds and saline aquifers ) , and the deepocean, and its environmental impact ;cost decrease of bing CO2 separation techniques ;R & A ; D on fresh gaining control and storage engineerings ;development of engineerings for the production, transit and usage of H derived from fossil fuels.Re commendations For Policy MakersTo guarantee that the CO2 gaining control and storage engineering option is available in the coming decennaries, a major attempt is justified:Existing attempts need to be linked together ;new technological thoughts and attacks to co2 gaining control and storage should be smartly pursued ;issues of storage unity and environmental impacts should be resolved quickly, through unfastened, crystalline research programmes ;the surveies, R & A ; vitamin D and engineering presentations outlined supra demand to be comprehensively addressed ;this can be achieved most quickly, and efficaciously, through the fullest possible international and public-private coaction ;given its strategic importance as a potentially large-scale and low-cost extenuation engineering, the attending given to co2 gaining control and storage should at least be equal to that given to other major extenuation options, such asBiomass, solar, atomic engineerings.Successful declaration of these issues should take to recognition within the UNFCCC procedure of CO2 gaining control and storage as an effectual option for extenuating emanations of CO2.

Attitude Towards Women Essay

One of the most prominent themes in the Canterbury Tales is the attitudes of the pilgrims towards women. There are two distinct sides in the dispute: that women are simply objects of lust that must never be trusted, and that women are highly respectable and loving. The Shipman’s Tale starts off this debate with his depiction of women, which was less than favorable. The woman who is depicted in this tale is the wife of a merchant. She is not treated well by her husband, but certainly is not trustworthy or honorable herself. She sells her body to the best friend of her husband for a measly 100 francs. Her faithfulness to her husband was worth only a few extravagant garments for her to wear. It is her greed for these material goods that drives her into cuckolding her unsuspecting husband. Her worldly desires are more important than her marriage, and in the end she is hardly punished at all. She does manage to keep her husband from finding out, by saying that the Monk was simply repaying his debt and she used the money to buy some clothes. So, she gets away with a crime that would have dealt her a far greater punishment. This outcome, while it certainly wasn’t perfect for the wife, was much less than she deserved (Rossignol). The Prioress steps in with the next tale, and takes a much different view. The Prioress herself is a very humble and well-mannered woman, as she is described in the General Prologue. She is also extremely compassionate towards all of God’s creatures. Her tale is a tribute to the greatest woman of all, the Virgin Mary. While it is a tribute to the Virgin, the focus of the story is more on the little boy and his widowed mother. The mother is greatly distressed at her son’s disappearance, and is eventually led by Jesus himself to the place where her son has been tossed. The idea that Jesus himself was consorting with this woman and answering her prayers makes a strong statement. Jesus certainly would not aid an evil person, so this widow must have been virtuous and humble (Rossignol). And upon her finding of the little boy, the miracle of the Virgin Mary is presented. The boy, who had praised her and loved her throughout his short life, now sang because of the grain placed on his tongue by Mary herself. The story praises a woman who is unmatched in virtue by any mortal man, and shows a widowed mother to be humble and virtuous herself. Certainly a different view than was displayed in the Shipman’s Tale. The tales of Chaucer himself followed the Prioress’ Tale. The first of which, the Tale of Sir Thopas, didn’t take as strong stance on any attitude towards women as did the two tales that preceded it. It did, however, portray women to be objects of lust and affection which could put a man in grave danger. This is what the reader might expect from Chaucer, since he does place himself among some of the other rascals of the group in the General Prologue. The other rascals (the Reeve and Miller especially) had already told stories that depicted women as objects of male desire. Sir Thopas, the knight, left his hometown of Flanders because he had become bored with the local maidens. On his adventure, he dreamt of a beautiful Elf Queen, with whom he fell desperately in lo ve (Ruud). He searched the forest in search of her, and vowed to never stop until her found her. When he met the three-headed giant who stood in his way, he went back home to prepare to fight. He was ready to risk his life to gain the love of the Elf Queen. The Elf Queen in this story is an object of lust and desire, much like the merchant’s wife in the Shipman’s Tale. Since the story is cut short, though, the reader never gets a chance to see what this Queen is really like. All that is seen is that she has captured the heart of this young and noble knight, which has him risking his life in search of her. After Chaucer’s first sorry tale is cut short, he moves on to the Tale of Melibee. In this story some different attitudes towards woman are actually discussed verbally amongst the characters. Melibee talks of how all women are evil and none are good. But, his wife Prudence responds to that by saying that Jesus would never have been born to an evil woman, nor would he have appeared to a woman after his resurrection. So, not all women could be evil. This point is accepted by Melibee, as her point has been clearly made. Also, she points out women who have saved the lives of their husbands and who were truthful to them. As this argument continues, Prudence continues to sway Melibee to accept her argument. She does this with good intentions as well. She does not want her husband to go to war with these enemies of his which certainly could put them all in danger. By the end of the story, she has convinced him so thoroughly that he ignores the advice of his counsel, and follows her advice almost to the letter (Ruud). He does, however, give his enemies a bit of a verbal chiding against her wishes. It is quite possible that he did this simply to maintain himself as the sovereign lord of his estate, and to show Prudence that she has not gained complete mastery over him. This story takes an opposite approach towards women than Chaucer did in the Tale of Sir Thopas. But, since Chaucer does portray himself in the tales as a dunce, it is possible that this character is simply to doltish to make up his mind and take a solid stance on the issue. The Nun’s Priest has the final say in the matter. The Priest is traveling with the Prioress, so before reading this tale one might think that he will be afraid to offend her. This story deals extensively on this issue, and has to main points which reveal the Priest’s attitude towards women. Chauntecleer quotes a Latin phrase that he says means that women are the bliss of men. However, the phrase actually said that women are men’s ruin. So why did Chauntecleer lie to Pertelote when he told her this false translation? Well, quite possibly because he didn’t want to upset her any further, and because he was about to spend the whole morning having sex with her. If he had upset her further, she may have turned him away. Chauntecleer also began to compliment her looks along with changing the meaning of the Latin phrase because he loved her and he wanted to make love to her. So, this is in fact showing that women are the bliss of men, since Chauntecleer is going out of his way to please Pertelote (Scala). By afternoon of the same day, the story takes quite a turn. Pertelote had criticized Chauntecleer for being so cowardly after his dream, and he flew down from his safe perch because of her insults. Because of this, his vision soon came true, and he was captured by the fox. If it had not been for Pertelote berating him because of his cowardice, he would have stayed in his perch in safety. Now, the true meaning of the Latin phrase is also shown as true, as Pertelote has caused the ruin of the great Chauntecleer. There is one substantial difference in this story, however. When Chauntecleer is taken away by the fox, Pertelote shrieks and is quite distressed, as the story emphasizes. She expresses genuine concern for Chauntecleer, unlike the wife in the Shipman’s Tale and Dalilah in the Monk’s Tale. So, the Nun’s Priest’s point on the matter is quite simple. Women are the bliss of men, but, whether intentionally or not, also bring about the ruin of the men they love. Works Cited Rossignol, Rosalyn. â€Å"‘The Shipman’s Tale’.† Critical Companion to Chaucer: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007.Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. Rossignol, Rosalyn. â€Å"‘The Prioress’ Tale’.† Critical Companion to Chaucer: A Literary Reference to His Life and Work, Critical Companion. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2007.Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. Scala, Elizabeth, and Michelle M. Sauer.†Ã¢â‚¬ËœThe Nun’s Priest’s Tale’.† In Sauer, Michelle M. The Facts On File Companion to British Poetry before 1600. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2008. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. Ruud, Jay. â€Å"‘The Tale of Sir Thopas’.† Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature. New York: Facts On File, Inc., 2006. Bloom’s Literary Reference Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web.

Globalization And Human Sex Trafficking - 1509 Words

Globalisation and Human Sex Trafficking in South Eastern Europe Kerrin Proctor Griffith University Globalisation and Human Sex Trafficking in South Eastern Europe Globalisation has greatly affected the global community in both positive and negative ways. One of the ways in which globalisation has had a negative impact on the global community is through the rise in the number of people who fall victim to human trafficking (Jones, Engstrom, Hilliard Diaz, 2007). Human trafficking is a serious crime which affects many victims every year. It is not a new crime by any means, but since globalisation, the number of victims has increased exponentially. There are two main types of human trafficking, trafficking for forced labour and trafficking for sexual exploitation. This paper examines the latter form of human trafficking. In order to delve further into this problem, globalisation and human trafficking are defined. The paper then goes on to discuss sex trafficking specifically. This discussion is then further narrowed down to look at sex trafficking within the South-East Europe region. Finally, this paper discusses ways in which sex trafficking cou ld be addressed. The United Nations Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (2000) defines human trafficking as â€Å"the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction,Show MoreRelatedThe Causation Of The Modern Slave Trade1646 Words   |  7 Pagesendless reasons that human trafficking exists in modern times. These reasons are not black and white, and have a multitude of contributing factors, cause and effect, and influences. The causation of the modern slave trade is outlined in chapters three, four, and five of the text: Human Trafficking: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, written by Mary C. Burke. Chapter three, titled, â€Å"Sociological Perspective: Underlying Causes† relates sociology to the concept of human trafficking to better understandRead MoreThe Globalization Of Human Trafficking990 Words   |  4 PagesThis study will def ine the globalization of human trafficking through the context of the United States as a first world nation and extension of this problematic issue in European nations, such as Russia and in the Baltic region. The first world status of the United States provides a context in which human trafficking has become a major problem when defining domestic markets for criminal organizations. However, the U.S. provides an example of the impact of human trafficking that occurs on a much widerRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The Modern Day Slavery Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pageswill also discuss the globalization in human trafficking. The study examines the impact of economic globalization on the human trafficking inflows around the world. This paper will begin by providing the definition of what human trafficking and globalization is, and how it works within the context of law enforcement. The history of human trafficking and how human trafficking is effecting societies across the world. This paper will examine supply and demand of human trafficking. Furthermore, this paperRead MoreHuman Trafficking: Searching for a Solution1437 Words   |  6 PagesThailand is very well known for its high proportion of human trafficking. The men and woman are constantly sold for their resources. Labor and prostitution are the most common cases. In Thailand there has been an uprising of human trafficking on the fishing boats or trawlers. On the trawlers many men are forced to work without pay under the impression that they owe money. The men come from neighboring countries of Cambodia and Burma. Among many boats, abuse is a normal practice to keep the men detainedRead MoreTaking a Look at Human Trafficking842 Words   |  3 PagesN o nation is immune from human trafficking. Even the most powerful nations are not immune from modern day slavery.The main contributors to human trafficking are governmental corruption, economic and social crisis within each nations borders.Globalization is the development of an increasingly integration marked especially by free trade that transcends nation-state boundaries. Human trafficking represents a highly and interconnected world because as the world evolves and people become more connectedRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography on Sex Trafficking833 Words   |  4 PagesKotrla, K., Wommack, B. A. (2011). Sex Trafficking of Minors in the U.S.: Implications for Policy, Prevention and Research. Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk: Vol. 2 (Iss. 1), article 5. Retrieved from: http://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol2/iss1/5/ This journal article examines the issue of minor sex trafficking in the U.S and provides the reader with the results of the research that was conducted on the matter at hand. A dataRead MoreThe Deviant Globalization From Gilman s Perspective1422 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is a developmental process of transnational integration, which mainly reflects on the economic aspect. The moral standards and legal systems in different regions are changing differently along with the progress of the society. However, when mentioned globalization, people mostly refer to mainstream globalization. Deviant globalization- the rebarbative dark side of the global economy- is ignored constantly. There is a distinctive evaluation from Nils Gilman- deviant globalization isRead More Trafficking Essay1005 Words   |  5 Pages Human trafficking has become a major problem worldwide which affects many people. An estimated 600-800 thousand people are moved unwillingly between international borders eac h year (Kristof, et al, pg. 10). There is an even larger number of 12.3 million people who are estimated to be forced to work in agriculture, manufacturing, and the sex trade (Shepherd, pg. 94). A majority of the people forced into labor, especially into the sex trade, are children, most of which are women, at an estimatedRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Sexual Exploitation1138 Words   |  5 PagesHuman trafficking has been dubbed the modern version of slavery as it is the act of taking an individual by force or coercion for some aspect of labour purposes. The phenomenon of human trafficking for sexual exploitation is not a recent one. Human trafficking has historical roots in traditions of worldwide slavery and in debt-bondage in the South East Asian region. In the 20th century, during the periods of the First World War and the Second World War, human trafficking for sexual exploitation grewRead MoreThe Effects of Globalization on Cambodia Essay888 Words   |  4 PagesGlobaliza tion is defined as the act of creating connections between countries across the globe in terms of culture and economy. Almost on every part of the world, citizens have become a part of the global village. Even though various researches stated that there are negative effects of globalization for particular reasons, the positive impacts were clearly shown to be stronger especially in developing countries such as Cambodia. To begin with, tourist travel is one of the main negative impacts of